The Chinese Intelligentsia during the Hundred Flowers and Anti-rightist

The Chinese Intelligentsia during the hundred Flowers and Anti-rightist MovementAfter the sexual climax to power of the CCP and the formation of the Peoples Republic of chinaware, thorough and drastic changes began to take place in China. A country which had been founded on a categorization of Confucianism and a very spiritual lifestyle, with ancestor worship and even praying to the god of a particular object, which had went through various revolutions and changings of the guard, began to follow the influence of a fierce Giant. The theories of collectivism which were developed through a collaboration of Marx and Engels began to penetrate China through the Soviet influence. The sweeping changes that were introduced by Mao Zedong and his party would influence China in every aspect, and attempt to eradicate the old ways, which were consider to be corrupted and no longer represented what was right for the country as a whole. The CCP changed the way the government was set up, chang ed the way foreign relations were handled, re-evaluated the economic policies of the country, and, possibly more drastically, attempted, arguably successfully, to control and change the way people thought. The anti rightist styles of the 50s and 60s attempted to do just that. These movements followed on the heels of what was known as the Hundred Flowers. The Hundred Flowers slogan was Let a hundred Flowers Bloom, a Hundred Schools of Thought Contend. The movement which had started in the spring of 1956 was a movement that was began by the party to do several things. The main theme behind the movement was to welcome criticism of the party by the intellectuals of the country, and was considered a good way for the party to prove that it cared about the people, was interested, and listening to what they had to say. According to TeiwesLu (Ting-i) argued the victory of collectivized transformation and a fundamental change in the political outlook of intellectuals created conditions for the Hundred Flowers. He held that free discussion and independent thinking were necessary to repeal academic stagnation and declared the imposition of narrow, doctrinaire restrictions on intellectual life the bitter enemy of true Marxism Leninism. (219)Mao was under the impression that Communism was so perfect that intellectual criticism would not be hurt, but benefit the attitudes in the country. This was a major chan... ... to keep their opinions to themselves. It would take years for them to aim their voice again. Not, only did this movement silence millions, but it was also the moment for many Chinese, when the cracks in the party started to show. The man who had been revered as a god, had make a mistake, and people started to research themselves and their beliefs. Jung Changs mother was one of these individuals who began to question the Communist party and its methods, however not openly. Her husband however would not question it. Their relationship is a microcosm of the co untry. The people who saw the fissures forming were afraid to say anything, but the blind followers of the party where afraid to listen One day, when she ventured some faultfinding comments about the situation and got no response from him, she state bitterly, You are a good Communist, but a rotten husband My father nodded. He said he knew. (Chang, 219)Works CitedChang, Jung. Wild Swans Three Daughters of China. New York First Anchor Books, 1992.Fu-Sheng, Mu. The Wilting of the Hundred Flowers. New York Frederick A. Praeger, Inc, 1963.Teiwes, Frederick. Politics and Purges in China. New York M.E. Sharpe, 1979.

Criticism of the Western Genre in Jim Jarmusch’s Film Deadman :: Movie Film Essays

Criticism of the Western Genre in Jim Jarmuschs Film Deadman Jim Jarmuschs Deadman is a complex interweaving of the rough and tough human being of cowboys mixed with blatant criticism of the Western genre as well as the American lifestyle during those cadences in history. The separate scenes in the impression seem be collected and stringed together allowing the director to bounce amid making fun of the whole Western idea to completely embracing the genre. The movie focused on William Blake (an accountant from Cleveland) and his transformation from being an ordinary man to an outlaw. Most Western movies focus on cowboy outlaws, who live by their accept rules and follow their own beliefs on justice, while this film focuses on the transformation rather than the man. Jonny Depps character stepped into the role of being an outlaw accidentally. The use of force is prevalent in the film, which fits the Western genre, yet at the same time, the use of guns and violence is always awkwar d. Its as though its a contradictory concept instead of a display of machismo and pride as in most Westerns. The film also has minimal displays of women and their contribution of adding a dynamic of desire and love in the testosterone driven Western genre. This film does not focus on William Blake having any attachments to family or a fianc. A brief explanation is offered for the inadequacy of femininity in the film, yet it leaves the audience wondering why the director did not deem it necessary to include this attachment in the film. Instead the a few(prenominal) times that women are shown in the film, they are there to pleasure the males sexually. In the Western genre, women arent regarded as vital elements, yet at the same time their contribution is usually to play damsels in distress and show the humane side of the manly hero. In the Western genre women blatantly display the differences between Eastern and Western cultures.The social commentary in the film is overwhelming, s ometimes seeming to drive the slow-paced plot. The director gives the film a dark undertone, to show the flushed lifestyle of the people in the West.

Chinesse Education :: essays research papers

China has a long and rich cultural tradition in which instruction has played a major(ip) role. In 124 BC the first university was established for training prospective bureaucrats in Confucian learning and the Chinese classics. Only members of the f number class could attend school. Peasants and factory workers did not have the time to attend school therefore as of 1949 only 20% of China was literate.The Communists who controlled China considered analphabetism a major stumbling block in their promotion of political programs. They then combined political propaganda with educational development. During the first few years (1949-51) of this push on education, over 60 million peasants enrolled in winter schools, or sessions, established to take advantage of the slack season for agricultural workers.Mao, the Communist leader of China, matte up that the ultimate goal of education was to eliminate class distinction. After Maos death in 1976 a review of government policies concerning educ ation was started. surface of this review came standardized testing and the reinstitution of entrance exams to get into schools and these exams were also used to get in the civil service. Chinese children entered school at age sestet and stayed for six years. They would study the Chinese language, math and other basic subjects. After going to an elementary school children would enter a middle school. The subjects the Chinese taught were especially important for the advancement of the country. During the Ming dynasty Chinese novels became very popular. There were many poems and collections of short stories. The Ming also established free schools for the public hoping to expand education in china. gifted students were selected for studying abroad especially in the United States. As these students finished their education and returned to China some of them teaching at Chinese Universities a major political unrest began to place.

Confession, Exploration and Comfort in Upon the Burning of Our House by Anne Bradstreet :: Upon the Burning of Our House

Confession, Exploration and Comfort in Upon the Burningof Our House The theological concept of humankinds constitutive(a) depravation created tension in the lives of seventeenth century New England Puritans. The Puritans believed that humans were born sinful and remained in this condition throughout life. This doctrine stressed self-control and introspection, through which the Puritan sought to determine whether particular spiritual strivings were genuine marks of true religiosity. God preordained election to heaven, and some Puritans would be saved through the righteousness of Jesus Christ despite their sins. There was no certainty in this life what eternal destiny awaited because the knowledge of who was elect was a divine mystery. The experience of conversion, where the soul, touched by the Holy Spirit, is turned from sinfulness to holiness, was at least some indication of election. Although full assurance might neer be attained, the conviction of having been chosen by God f ortified the Puritans to contend with the hardships of creating a community of Christ in the New World. This fundamental knowledge of private depravity, the essence of Puritan theology, created an atmosphere of constant introspection in a cyclical battle with worldly sin always ending with the acknowledged depravity. The sentiency of Gods preordained elect few did not inhibit the perseverance all Puritans applied to acknowledge depravity and to try and overcome sinfulness. This concept of depravity as the cornerstone of Puritan faith became a central theme in Puritan writing. Poet Anne Bradstreet wrote about her life and how her trials ever urged her to continue her self-inspection in an military campaign to attempt to subdue the carnal desires of this world. The Puritan dogma of introspection created a mannequin for literary confession in the poem Upon the Burning of Our House July 10th, 1666. This framework freed Anne Bradstreet to fully explore her beliefs without direct cha llenge to authority thus she both remains within and steps outside of traditional Puritan beliefs, ultimately allowing her to line up solace and comfort in the promise of heavenly reward. In the poem Upon the Burning of Our House Anne Bradstreet exemplifies the normal Puritan lifestyle of tension, although tempered with an allusion of hopefulness not rough-cut in Puritan theology. Opening with an image of sleep, the poem alerts the reader to what would be considered a moral lapse by Bradstreet, for she was not being ever alert for sin. The notion of millenialism, to go through life as though the second coming of Christ was imminent, meant that a Puritan was always prepared for the judgement day.

My Career, My Career Interest, and the Value of a College Education Ess

My Career, My Career Interest, and the Value of a College EducationAbstractMy career path has been chosen for me through heredity, as my length of time on Earth has been pre-determined by the Great Creator. How I choose to use this time will be referred to as my success command of life-time. How I am remembered will depend on what I accomplish. In short, life is given, but not guaranteed. We all have the choices before us, which determine if life is easy or difficult. Many times, I had the option of all or nothing, and for some reason chose all every time. In this paper, I will seek my present career as a manufacturing engineer, a career interest as a plant manager, and the value of a college education to organizations, customers, and myself. A thin bit of historical information is in order to set the tone for this presentation. I was raised, as most young boys are, learning to read, write, and the other necessary evils of unsophisticated education. My father was finally discharg ed from the U.S. Army Air Corp. and World War II, where he had been a Lt. Col., and taught the use of the Norden Bombsight to bombardiers and crews of the time. My early years were basically fun years, as I learned how to fish, shoot, hunt, about dogs, cats, and toysmany, many, toys. My mother believed in spoiling me, since I was the only child, and for eight years, I was the only object of me parents attention. In 1958, however, that situation changed forever, with the behave of my little brother, and three years belatedlyr, my little sister arrived. These two events, little did I realize, would have a profound effect on my life. They would alter the expression I felt about life, contribute to changes in my personality, and most of all, formed the basis for my later life in general, including my chosen profession.My father, prior to WWII, worked for Victor adding form Company, who designed the Norden Bombsight. After the war, he and another man started an oil well drilling comp any. He did all the engineering required except for the Geology, and co-owned the company until the late 1950s. My father was not a degreed petroleum engineer, but was in fact qualified. He had studied under his father, who also had owned an oil company in Southern Illinois for most of his life. My inherited engineering skills were already a part of my genetic make-up from birth. The only thing that ch... ...e are not capable of managing part service. (www.businessballs.com website).I intend to focus my knowledge and skills gained from the UOP courses I have taken on building solid relationships with existing and potential customers, in order to condition them that I am capable of handling their business in a most professional manner. ReferencesBishop, Joyce, Carter, Carol, & Kravits, Sarah Lyman, Keys to College Studying Becoming a Lifelong Learner., Prentice-Hall, Inc. 2002. Garvin, David A., Quality on the Line, Harvard Business Review, September October 1983, pp. 64-75.Ishika wa, Kaoru, How to Apply Company wide Quality Control in Foreign Countries, Quality Progress, September 1989, pp. 70-74.Juran, J.M., Japanese and Western Quality A Contrast, Quality, January 1979, pages 8 12 and February 1979, pp. 12-15. Juran, J. M., The QC Circle Phenomenon, Industrial Quality Control, January 1967, pp. 329-36. Kanigel, Robert. The One Best Way Frederick Winslow Taylor and the Enigma of Efficiency. New York Viking Press. 1997.Customer Relationship Management2001-4 Retrieved May 28, 2005 from http//www.businessballs.com/crmcustomerrelationshipmanagement.htm

Steroid Usage Essays -- Sports Athletes Steroids Essays

Steroid Usage Why do so many people use steroids when there atomic number 18 so many health risks and side effects? Do people engross steroids because they ar non awargon of all the risks? Not likely, steroids have been al intimately since the 1930s when Nazi scientists tried to invent drugs that would birth German armies more powerful (Banks, Substance Abuse in Sport The Realities, pg. 13-21). Though steroids were considered harmful and do illegal in 1991 (Berlow, Sports Ethics). Some side affects of steroids argon baldness, high blood pressure, lowered sex drive, acne, nosebleeds, liver disease, kidney disease, and many more (Williams, Drugs and Athletic Performance, pg. 88-90). It may telephone set ridiculous and idiotic, to those who use steroids, with all the risks involved, but the temptation and pressures in using them are sometimes unbearable. In todays society there are many pressures to be the best athlete and to look a certain way. Nobody deficiencys to take secon d place, or look scrawny and wimpy. slew want to be the winner and want others to turn their heads to look at them when they walk into a room. The fastest and easiest way to do that is to take steroids. People take steroids to be bigger and better at manoeuvres and also improve physical appearance.In todays athletics, athletes are getting bigger, stronger, and faster. Whether an athlete plays high school or professional sports, it is getting harder for athletes to compete at a high level with all the competition. When an athlete is not good enough to make the team or is on a team and does not play much the athlete will do just ab by anything to improve themselves. Many athletes spend legion(predicate) hours practicing and lifting weights trying to get better at their sport, and still they lack what it takes to make the team or be the best. Steroids are the solution to their problems and a way to make their dreams come true. If you were offered the opportunity to lose body fat, ge t stronger, add more muscle within six weeks and have more motivation to work out more consistently then you do now, would not you try it? Sure it is illegal and it is unfair for all the other athletes who do it the hard way, but most do not care. Many young men are taking steroids at a young age. Reports from the Arizona Criminal Justice Commission issued a report that steroid use increased 2.6 percent from 1997 to 1999. Also, a report from th... ...unless they take steroids. Should the athlete take steroids and be a starter, or do not take steroids and never play? In todays athletics, nobody wants to watch a losing team. Whether the person plays on a team, or an individual sport. People want to see their team or favorite athlete succeed. Everyone is getting bigger and better at the sports they play. Some of the pressure that athletes receive is from the fans.There are many pressures in society today. Some people take steroids so they will make the team or do better in the sport t hey play, and others just want to look good. The rest are pressured into taking steroids from there coaches, media, and even fans. Are taking steroids worth all of the risks involved? Well, for the people who take steroids they are worth all the risks. In athletics there is no second place either you are a winner or you are a loser, and nobody likes to be a loser. There are many reasons people use steroids. Although steroids are not safe, people continue to use them. It is not right for people to use steroids, but as long as there are pressures to win, look good, and to get bigger and stronger there will be people using steroids.

Steroid Usage Essays -- Sports Athletes Steroids Essays

Steroid Usage Why do so many people work steroids when there are so many wellness risks and side effects? Do people take steroids beca expenditure they are not aware of every the risks? Not likely, steroids have been around since the 1930s when Nazi scientists tried to invent drugs that would make German armies more powerful (Banks, Substance Abuse in Sport The Realities, pg. 13-21). Though steroids were considered harmful and made illegal in 1991 (Berlow, Sports Ethics). whatsoever side affects of steroids are baldness, high blood pressure, lowered sex drive, acne, nosebleeds, liver disease, kidney disease, and many more (Williams, Drugs and Athletic Performance, pg. 88-90). It may sound ridiculous and idiotic, to those who use steroids, with only the risks involved, but the temptation and pressures in using them are sometimes unbearable. In todays companionship there are many pressures to be the surpass athlete and to disembodied spirit a certain way. Nobody regards to tak e second place, or look scrawny and wimpy. People want to be the winner and want others to turn their heads to look at them when they walk into a room. The fastest and easiest way to do that is to take steroids. People take steroids to be bigger and conk out at sports and also improve physical appearance.In todays athletics, athletes are getting bigger, stronger, and faster. Whether an athlete mulcts high school or professional sports, it is getting harder for athletes to make do at a high level with all the competition. When an athlete is not good enough to make the aggroup or is on a team and does not play much the athlete will do just about anything to improve themselves. some(prenominal) athletes spend numerous hours practicing and lifting weights trying to get better at their sport, and still they lack what it takes to make the team or be the best. Steroids are the solution to their problems and a way to make their dreams come true. If you were offered the opportunity to set down body fat, get stronger, add more muscle within six weeks and have more motivation to work out more consistently then you do now, would not you try it? Sure it is illegal and it is unfair for all the other athletes who do it the hard way, but most do not care. Many young men are taking steroids at a young age. Reports from the Arizona Criminal Justice Commission issued a report that steroid use increased 2.6 percent from 1997 to 1999. Also, a report from th... ...unless they take steroids. Should the athlete take steroids and be a starter, or do not take steroids and never play? In todays athletics, nobody wants to watch a losing team. Whether the person plays on a team, or an individual sport. People want to see their team or favorite athlete succeed. Everyone is getting bigger and better at the sports they play. Some of the pressure that athletes receive is from the fans.There are many pressures in society today. Some people take steroids so they will make the team or do better in the sport they play, and others just want to look good. The rest are pressured into taking steroids from there coaches, media, and even fans. Are taking steroids worth all of the risks involved? Well, for the people who take steroids they are worth all the risks. In athletics there is no second place either you are a winner or you are a loser, and nobody likes to be a loser. There are many reasons people use steroids. Although steroids are not safe, people continue to use them. It is not right for people to use steroids, but as long as there are pressures to win, look good, and to get bigger and stronger there will be people using steroids.