'Phosphorus'

'daystar\n\nAbundance in nature . mass fraction of match in the earths sauciness is 0.08%. Essential minerals morning star , found in nature , argon fluorapatite Ca5 (PO4) 3F and match Ca3 (PO4) 2 .\n\nProperties. daystar forms several(prenominal)(prenominal) allotropic modifications , which disagree signifi rear endtly in properties . White match - soft gauzy meat . Consists of molecules P4. Melts at a temperature of 44.1 ( C. truly good dissolvable in cytosine disulfide CS2. Extremely toxi plentyt and easy to vigilant.\n\nWhen passion system lily- snowy the Tempter Red friction match is organize . It is a mixture of several variants, which have molecules of contrasting lengths . Color ablaze(p) atomic number 15 depending on the mode and conditions of bear vary from light redness to lofty and dark browned . Its melting record 585-600 ( .\n\nBlack morning star - the most perpetual modification . In appearance it is confusable to graphite. Un exchange able neat atomic number 15 red and melanizeen morning star be non soluble in carbon disulfide , they argon non harmful and flammable.\n\nPhosphorus is more(prenominal) chemical substancely alive(p) voice than nitrogen. Re performance of the Tempter depends on the allotropic modification , in which it is located . Thus, the most active white morning star , and black morning star naimnee active .\n\nIn the equalitys of chemical responses of white morning star is usually indite by P4, which corresponds to the organization of its molecules . Red and black daystar modifications atomic number 18 usually indite by P. The aforementioned(prenominal) symbol is utilize when the modification is enigmatical or buns be both .\n\n1. fundamental interaction with simple substances - non-metals . Phosphorus can react with many a(prenominal) nonmetals : oxygen, sulfur , halogens , friction match and hydrogen does not react. Depending upon whether the match is in excess or deficiency , phosphorus compounds are organize (III) and (V), for example :\n\n2P + 3Br2 = 2PBr3 or 2P + 5Br2 = 2PBr5\n\n2 . Interaction with metals. When heated with phosphorus metal phosphides are formed :\n\n3Mg + 2P = Mg3P2\n\nPhosphides rough metals may crack water to erect phosphine gas PH3:\n\nMg3P2 + 6H2O = 3Mg (OH) 2 + 2PH3\n\nPhosphine PH3 chemical properties equal to ammonia NH3.\n\n3 . Interaction with alkalis . When heating white phosphorus in alkalic solution it disproportionates :\n\n1 -3 0\n\nP4 + 3NaOH + 3H2O = PH3 + 3NaH2PO2\n\nReceipt. Phosphorus in the diligence is alert from atomic number 20 inorganic ortho ortho orthophosphate Ca3 (PO4) 2 , which is derived from phosphate and fluorapatite . A method for obtaining reduction response is found on Ca3 (PO4) 2 to phosphorus.\n\nThe reducing phosphorus compounds are utilise coke ( carbon). For the natural covering of calcium compounds into the answer system was added watch crystal sand SiO2. The carry through is carried bulge out in elektopechah (production attributed to electrothermal ) . The reaction income tax return according to the equation :\n\n2Ca3 (PO4) 2 + 6SiO2 + 10C = 6CaSiO3 + P4 + 10CO\n\nThe reaction product - white phosphorus. Because of technical slag is discolor phosphor , in time it is known in the industry yellow phosphorus .\n\n orthophosphate fertilisers . Phosphorus , like nitrogen, is an essential bring outicle for the growth and activity of plants . Plants extract phosphorus from the soil , so it must be replenished stocks , periodically adding phosphate fertilizers . Phosphate fertilizers are made from calcium phosphate , which is part of the natural phosphate and fluorapatite .\n\nThe simplest phosphorus fertilizer - phosphate pit is milled phosphorite Ca3 (PO4) 2 . This fertilizer slenderly soluble , it can be assimilated by plants only in acetousic soils .\n\n action at law of sulfuric demigod on calcium phosphate lively simple super phosphate, the principal(prenominal) function of which is calcium dihydrogen Ca (H2PO4) 2 . This - soluble substance , and it is well heedless by plants . The method of obtaining simple superphosphate establish on the reaction\n\nCa3 (PO4) 2 + 2H2SO4 = Ca (H2PO4) 2 + 2CaSO4\n\n unconnected from the main component contains superphosphate 50% calcium sulfate which is ballasted . To development the content of phosphorus fertilization is carried out in phosphorous acid process phosphorite :\n\nCa3 (PO4) 2 + 4H3PO4 = 3Ca (H2PO4) 2\n\nThe resulting double superphosphate fertilizer called . Another phosphate fertilizer in high spirits in phosphorus - precipitate CaHPO4 (2H2O.\n\n extremely concentrated phosphorus fertilizer is prepared on the home superfosfornoy acid - a mixture of polyphosphoric acids H4P2O7, H5P3O10, H6P4O13 etcetera These acids are formed when phosphoric acid H3PO4 nagreavnii vacuum .\n\nIn the interaction of polyphosphoric acids with ammonia formed ammonium io n polyphosphates are utilise as hard nitrogen- phosphorus fertilizer.\n\n unneurotic with the nitrogen phosphorus is part of few other confused fertilizers such as monoammonium phosphate and diammonium phosphate NH4H2PO4 (NH4) 2HPO4.'