India Government Essay

Imperialism began in India in the 1600s with the introduction of the East India Trade Company who placed trading posts at Bombay, Madras, and Calcutta. (British Imperialism in India, 2014). Prior to the arrival of EITC, the Mughal Empire was a larger and more powerful kingdom than any other country in Europe. The center of the Mughal Empire was in poorly populated northern region, the soil and river system in this area was perfect for farming, transporting and communicating. (A Case Study of British Imperialism in India, 2014). For some time, the EITC and Mughal were able to work cohesively together, but by 1707 the Mughal Empire had begun to crumble, and in 1757 Robert Clive, in alliance with the French, led troops to a victory over Indian forces at the Battle of Plassey. This made way for the EITC to become the primary power in India. (British Imperialism in India, 2014). The East India Trade Company grew quickly, with little interference from the British government, having its own army called sepoys comprised of both Indian and British soldiers. India was considered the jewel in the crown due in part to the skills of its people and its vast producing land. Cotton cloth and raw silk winding were in high demand for the company to export, as well as sugar, indigo dye and opium. (Marshall, 2014). The EITC used religious force and economic power to take and maintain control of India. Demanding that Indian textile not be in competition with British goods and cash crops for the farmers. This in turn forced the indigenous people to experience economical loss and inability to feed themselves. Britain had taken a stand-off approach with Indian religion, but many felt that Indian customs were compromised with the increase in missionaries and racist attitude towards India’s way of life. By 1857, there was ever increasing unhappiness, leading to a mutiny among the Sepoy. The Sepoy army were instructed to use rifle cartridges that were greased with pig or cow fat. Because the ends of the cartridges needed to be bitten off before using, this was offensive to the Sepoy army, whose population was either Hindu or Muslim. Muslim belief is that pigs are unclean and Hindu whose belief is that cows are sacred. (Anderson, 2007).  The Sepoy mutiny gave way to a new British government in India called Raj, who ruled Indian until 1947. (British Imperialism in India, 2014). Part B Violent Revolution: American Revolution The American Revolution was brought about by unhappy colonist who were against British taxes and sought independence from British rule. After winning the French and Indian War, King George II began to impose taxes on goods such as sugar and molasses that were brought in to the colonies with the Sugar Act of 1764. The Stamp Act (1765), required an official stamp on most transactions of colonial businesses. The colonist, unhappy with the taxes, and feeling that the British Parliament was corrupt, began to speak out against the taxes, labeling the taxes as illegal because the people of the colonies were not represented in the British Parliament. â€Å"No taxation without representation† was the cry of the colonies, to which the Parliament replied with a new tax, the Townshend Act (1777), applied taxes to all imported glass, lead, paint, paper and tea. (American Revolution, 2014). The colonist, unhappy with the taxes, began to speak out against the taxes, labeling the taxes as illegal, because the colonies were not represented in the British Parliament. Refusal to pay the Kings taxes lead the colonist to form a club called the Sons of Liberty. Members of the club broke into tax collectors homes, beat them and burned tax bills. In 1770, a battle between the colonists and British soldiers took place in Boston, Massachusetts, known as the Boston Massacre, killing 5 colonists and injuring many more. Two British soldiers were found guilty of murder and punished only by having their thumbs burned. (The American Revolution , 2014). On July 4, 1776, the Declaration of Independence, written by Thomas Jefferson was approved, showing England that America would become a free, independent county of British rule. (The American Revolution , 2014). Non Violent Revolution: Indian Independence Movement The cause of The Indian Independence Movement grew out of a nation in search of a way to free itself from British power and control. The goal of The Indian National Congress was to gain and maintain independence from the British forces. The Indian National Congress formed and held its first meeting in 1885, one of those in attendance was Mahatma Gandhi, who would  become the leader of the group. At first, the NIC professed loyalty to the British, but with World War 1 breaking out in 1914 and lasting until 1920, the NIC gradually became an opponent the British government. As the tolerance or the British decreased, the Indians strength increased. Indians began to realize that the British were not such a force to be reckoned with. (Indian Independence Movement, 2014). B1. Strategy Battles between the colonies and the British were full of conventional warfare and guerrilla warfare. Guerrilla warfare consists of spontaneous, individual acts of sabotage. Francis Marion, the â€Å"Swamp Fox† used guerilla warfare against the British, using bands of troops in caring size to prevent the British from gathering supplies, and harassing the small outposts and forts. (Joes, 1996). The INC, under the leadership of Gandhi conducted major campaigns to draw attention to Indians human and civil rights. Civil disobedience in the form of a non-violent protests and marches were formed. The Civil Disobedience Campaign of 1919-1922 was a boycott of British cloth, The Salt Satyagraha, a non-violent protest against the tax applied to salt. Gandhi was arrested by the British, who thought it would stop the movement, however it only increased in participants and forced the British government to discuss the possibility of Indian independence. (The Indian Independence Struggle , 2014). References A Case Study of British Imperialism in India. (2014, July 13). Retrieved from Modern World History: http://webs.bcp.org/sites/vcleary/ModernWorldHistoryTextbook/Imperialism/section_4/earlyindia.html American Revolution. (2014, July 16). Retrieved from Encyclopeida.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/topic/American_Revolution.aspx#2 Anderson, C. (2007). Indian Uprising of 1857-8 : Prisons, Prisoners, and Rebellion. In C. Anderson, Indian Uprising of 1857-8 : Prisons, Prisoners, and Rebellion (p.

Bar Codes Case Essay

1. (a). A bar code is a series of lines which differ in thickness and space in between each other which contain data to provide certain information on the product such as the Manufacturer, Product Description, and the Size. The purpose of the bar code is to simplify the amount of data which the staff needs to know and recognise by memory as all of the data is stored of the company computer. (b). Information that is contained in the bar code contains are the unique ID number which is the code number. (c). Information that is not contained in the bar code would be, in most cases, the price as all different shops which stock the product might need to charge different amounts. Also would be the manufacturers name, the product description, and the size and in some cases also the price as these would all be entered into the shops computer by someone. 2. (a). The barcode is entered into the computer/register by the scanner shooting a beam of light which will interpret the barcode. Once this has been recognised as a valid product the information relating to that barcode will be received from the main computer and the relative information will be displayed/. (b). If the barcode cannot be scanned then the person at the till would enter the barcode in manually with the set of numbers which are linked with the barcode into the computer to mark the item as paid. (c). Fresh fruit, vegetables and items from the delicatessen counter are dealt by either the customer weighing and putting a unique barcode on the bag themselves or by the person at the till weighing them and then manually entering the amount to pay into the register to add onto the final bill. (d). The chip and pin process is used by a person inserting their card and putting in their pin code instead of signing the bill using their signature. When they have put in their pin code and pressed enter the computer will verify that the code that the person has entered is the same as the card code and if it is the transaction would of succeeded but it they got it wrong they will either have to do their signature or they will have to prove that their card is theirs or they could be charged with fraud. (e). After the payment has been made the supermarket computer will add all of the items bought to their reordering list so that the bulk order is read to put in once they have reached their minimum stock level. (f). Incentives that regular customers could have would be the method of a club card or loyalty/reward card which can be used to either get money off the final payment or using points towards an item for money off. They could also give out school vouchers to get either computer or PE equipment. 4. (a). Advantages to the customer of using the computers in the supermarket is that there will be less chance of any errors, and also there will be more information about the item and a faster service. (b). Disadvantages to the customer of using computers is that the computer may not be working due to technical problems and may give the wrong information or it may not be working at all. 5. The list that would be given to a student for his after school job would be on a handheld device so that he would walk round and find out what needs to be re-stocked. This would be loaded from the main computer list of what is /is not on the shelves. 6. (a). The manager can find out what stock needs to be re-ordered by checking what has been bought since the last time he checked and what ever has been bought then it would need to be re-ordered. (b). The human would check the re-order list before the order is placed to make sure that all of the items have been entered correctly and that no items had been left off the list. He also needs to verify the stock levels. 7. Stock on the shelves and in the warehouse might not match the stock file on the computer if stock had somehow been made unusable such as being damaged or if the product has expired or if the item has been stolen. 8. (a). Advantages to the supermarkets of using computers are that they will not lose any money by making human calculated errors, (b). disadvantages to the supermarket of using computers is that the supermarket will be totally dependant on the machines and also training would be needed.

Mr. Smith Goes to Washington

Politics can be corrupt and extremely ugly. In Mr. Smith goes to Washington, Jefferson Smith is appointed as a new member of the senate. Jefferson Smith was too idealistic and naive to be a senator in American government during this time of corruption. Mr. Smith was too naive to survive as a senator during the time the movie â€Å"Mr. Smith Goes to Washington† took place. Mr. Smith’s naivete was seen in his proposal to start a national boys camp.After this proposal during the senate, false allegations towards Smith’s motives surfaced, and he was too idealistic to defend himself against the political machine that was accusing him of self-interest. Making matters worse, Senator Smith was a genuinely honest and simple-minded man, making it difficult for him to survive with his corrupt colleagues. Mr. Smith clearly showed his lack of government and knowledge of it. Jefferson Smith was a senator and did not even know how a bill becomes a law.Smith was like a fish out of water in the senate and needed a lot of help from his assistant Saunders. Senator Smith was not well educated and clearly not the right man for the job. But some might say that he was a weak hero in manners. Jefferson had potential in the government because of his integrity, care, and honesty. These are qualities that most senators were lacking and still are. Jefferson Smith was too idealistic and naive to be successful as a senator going up against a huge political machine. Smith lacks savvy and smoothness but overcomes his trials with persistence and dedication.

The Analytic Paper-Analyzing between a film and Freudian theory Essay

The Analytic Paper-Analyzing between a film and Freudian theory - Essay Example The book has been widely used in reference to most of the psychoanalysis on human behavior. Scientists and psychoanalysts regard Freud as an important person shedding lots of information regarding human behavior. According to Freud, human beings are under control of the id, the ego, and the super ego that controls the desires and satisfaction of humans. Civilization and its discontents largely dwell on the super ego, ego, and the id nature of human kind that mainly aims at benefiting ones desires but fails to protect the surrounding environment (Heffner). The super ego character makes humans lazy and selfish. For this reason, human crave for sexual desire and the best things in the society at all cost. This leads to theft, killing, rape, and drugs and substance abuse in the society. The desire to satisfy one’s own wishes makes life hard and disappointing. For this reason most people resort to ways which are harmful both individually and the whole society. According to Freud in his analysis of Civilization and its discontents, civilization is built upon human instincts. This is mainly aimed at getting pleasure. This is practically evident from James Whale’s film the Frankenstein of 1931. On the contrary, civilization is against all these odds in the society and therefore set rules in the society that protect one individual from one another and establishes the need to have common interests in the society. The rules set by the society have severe punishment if broken. For this reason, human beings become discontented by the simple act of civilization. According to Freud, love will sometimes lead to humility, self-injury, and limitation of narcissism. In the case of the film Frankenstein, this is true. James whale directed a horror film by the name Frankenstein in 1931 (Michael Brunas). The film is about Frankenstein, a scientist is wishing to fulfill his egocentric motives. The young man withdraws

Heroes Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Heroes - Essay Example iety. There is a difference between the heroes of different people which come from different fields, for example, a soldier has a war hero who has been martyred in a war (Warner 2004). Many young boys and girls have heroes which only act as heroes such as our celebrities and music stars. There is a large influence of media hero. Now a day most young choose movie stars and music stars as their heroes but only few have heroes which have inspirational carriers such as Lincoln or Martin Luther (LaBarge 2010). Our heroes represent us. Sometimes, people are so much devoted to their heroes that they can die for them too. Many sports events end in cries of the people who focus their attention not at the game but at their hero and when their hero fails, they try to beat the other player or just cry a lot. People do not think that their hero is also a human and someone can defeat him too. In 2005 Andre Agassi lost to Roger Federer, which made the Agassi’s fans cry a lot. ... To become a hero in the eyes of people is not a difficult task. All one has to do is to identify his potential and struggle accordingly. Heroic qualities are present in every ambitious person and people can show their capabilities by devoting themselves to some area of interest that keeps the capability of making them a hero in people’s view. According to Raj Arunugam (2007), â€Å"the individual should recognize the full potential in themselves and instead of being in awe of their heroes, or being jealous of their superiors, should treat their heroes as mentors and seek their help in achieving their full potential†. This can be done by recognizing the heroic acts of our hero or the positives of hero and apply them in our life. The acts like hard work and truth can lead us in achieving the goal of our lives. Heroes are important as they help people in recognizing truth or lie, right and wrong and other ethical disciplines. Many people have heroes which are related to sp orts and whish have such carriers which can inspire a person. The heroic image in sports is not only created by great sports but also with courageous, brave and just attitude. Today most psychologists have the opinion that the heroes not only influence newspapers and magazines but they also influence the minds of the people by relating with them. The heroes perform a psychological function by uniting people to come up as a nation. Even some heroes have not got the victory are praised for their heroism by showing the heroic traits like great courage, grace and endurance. A person has still a lesson to learn from the hero (Warner 2004). Many football events ends in the victory of one and defeat of other but people realize that the losing team has worked hard and their

Reconstruction Plans Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Reconstruction Plans - Coursework Example However, President Abraham Lincoln was also afraid that the federal Court might contrary his orders on reconstruction. This was a possibility that encouraged efforts of Republican and resulted in emancipation of Thirteenth Amendment. President Abraham Lincoln highly supported this amendment to ensure that the new constitution could improve an essential guide for reconstructed states as well as post-Appomattox High Court. President Abraham Lincoln had a belief that the Constitution was appropriate for reconstruction and states’ unity. Both his innate instinct towards decency and impressive education enabled him to become the President a post that enhanced to reunify as improving the entire nation. In the year 1862, Lincoln asked Attorney Edwin to ensure that the rights adhered to all citizens in the nation. The reply of the Attorney General rested on circuit opinion of Justice Bushrod Washington in the year 1823 in Corfield Coryell. Lincoln ensured that the rights abolished slavery. Lincoln’s plans towards reconstruction were depicted in the year 1862 and 1863 when he ordered black to be included in the military. Qsn 2: reconstruction was an attempt that was started from the year 1865 to 1877in the history of America. The main purpose of reconstruction was to resolve the matters of the Civil War after destruction of both slavery and confederacy. Reconstruction went through three different phases, which include the presidential reconstruction phase, radical reconstruction phase, and redemption phase. The presidential reconstruction phase started in the year 1863 and ended in 1866. This phase was under control of Andrew Johnson and President Abraham Lincoln with the aim reuniting the entire country at a faster rate2. This moderate program was affected by opposition of Radical Republicans a faction that was influenced by 1866 elections. The main aim of the Radical reconstructionwas to improve voting rights and civil rights for the citizens. In the year 1873

How useful is the cultural imperialism thesis Essay

How useful is the cultural imperialism thesis - Essay Example When these capitalist corporations establish their business in the developing countries they deploy their work ethic, punctuality, thrift, conformity, and hierarchical organisational structures that contribute to amassing economic surpluses. Though these corporations pay a good wage to the employees they hire, ultimately the accumulated surpluses are carried across to the developed Western and/or capitalist societies. The ‘cultural imperialism thesis' caters to this phenomenon of subordination and domination1 CULTURAL IMPERIALISM THESIS We generally refer to the phrase ‘cultural imperialism thesis’ to elucidate the process of deterritorialization. Deterritorialization is reducing the time and space barriers between physical territories hence restructuring the old cultural geographical and social territories.2 For that reason it is appropriate to say that cultural imperialism thesis is a comprehensive framework intended to account for this complex global cultural bu ild-up and the resulting relationships.3 The key elements that this thesis caters to are cultures that are suppressing other weak cultures. First and foremost of these dominant cultures are Western and/or American culture.4 Therefore, this thesis expounds on the strategies used to regulate, deregulate and re-regulate the domination. Often there are historical cultural events that condense a culture’s value systems and its ability to overpower the other. The inequality of conditions that takes place is a key issue discussed in this thesis. This occurrence of historical dominance can be exemplified by referring to the course of colonialism that empowered Western cultures to subordinate the cultures of Asia, Africa, the Americas and certain other regions of the world. The colonisation shows the cultural superiority of the 'West over the Rest’ because the West had a strong economy and liberal democracy that set standards for the weak cultures to follow.5 On this basis, we can say that cultural imperialism works at the conscious and the unconscious level, as it gives people the appropriate standards for their being to which they ought to identify.6 The emergence of capitalism in the Western world is another key element that is covered by the cultural imperialism thesis. Capitalism in the Western world originates from both Western and capitalist values. But when we look into examples of capitalism in Japan we see it was dictatorial to a certain extent, whereas capitalism in the UK was not. Therefore, we know that there is a difference between these. The economic superiority of the first world resulted from the rise of capitalism. It is a well-known phenomenon that the organization, structure and regulations of cultural exchange between the dominant first world and the subordinate developing world have been based on capitalistic principles. Now, the capitalist classes of the first world meander around the world in pursuit of trading opportunities to mul tiply their trade and profits. The transnational business is a name given to the model of business that could multiply the trade and profit options of the capitalistic class from the first world. Therefore, now the

Need to fix and tweak Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Need to fix and tweak - Essay Example in mentoring on: the use of hardware, software applications, multimedia, databases, presentations, and other digital technologies (Available Equipment-STC). It’s important to have the right stuff for the right kind of job and that is what the STC helps students get the job done. If you require a certain type of software for work and not sure how to use it, STC has mentors that will help you learn how to use the software and train you also one on one on just about any software available (Technology Mentoring-STC). This is very helpful because not everyone knows a lot about certain software especially those who are freshmen in college. You have certain formats to use for classes and some we may never even heard about it. And this is where STC comes in handy. They teach us about the software in addition to making it available for us. This is very helpful because this saves the students thousands of dollars (Technology Mentoring - STC). STC made it also very convenient because mentors make themselves available for students, walk-ins or by appointments. And if you have a busy schedule they can work around you. You wonder just how helpful a place like the STC can be helpful for a student. There is free printing and many computers to use just about any time you need to work. The STC now provides  40 Dell computers and 8 Apple computers for student use. In addition, the center offers training on  13 software packages and loans out digital cameras, HD camcorders and laptops to students free of charge (Available Equipment-STC). A freshman named Corby who frequents the library commented â€Å" I took a tour and found STC very available for me. I use this place 2-3 times a week. Things that benefit me are the free printing and software† (Wozniak). Freshmen seemed to find them more useful compared to any other students who are in the higher year levels. All students that were asked by the survey â€Å"What do you like about the Student Technology Center?† The

MGT302 - Org. Behavior and Teamwork Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

MGT302 - Org. Behavior and Teamwork - Essay Example Here in the case of assembling a team of members from two places like rural Beaverton and urban New Yorkers, these forms of issues are very likely to occur. Here there will be issues and challenges in understanding each other and this is not only in terms of the language but also in terms of finesse with which it is used. The native speakers tend to be more experienced and fluent with the language and also are able to converse much more naturally as compared to people who have learnt the language in class. Apart from the language a common issue is the difference in style of working and also the work habits. There are a number of different norms for every culture and each country follows their own rules and regulations in terms of the work day, breaks, and also acceptable times of work. For instance, in China, the country is literally closed on Chinese New Year. Hence similarly every individual in the teams will have a different incentive based on the country they originate from (Roem bke). Also in terms of the timelines, it is crucial to note that different cultures have a different perspective and importance to meeting of timelines. In some cultures the timeline is not as much as an issue as the accuracy in terms of the quality. Hence in a multicultural team, this can cause major drifts among the team members and can also put a lot of strain on the group as a whole. This can lead t communication breakdowns and also lead to conflicts remaining unresolved among the team members as well (Halverson and Tirmiz). Hence here use of computers proves to be very beneficial as it helps reduce the communication breakdowns and also helps in keeping the discussions clear and straight forward. In addition, in many ways the multicultural team could be a bonus in that each segment of the team brings a different viewpoint to the puzzle of marketing a shoe in Brazil. Completion of tasks is also an important element of the business and hence it is important that all tasks are brok en up and sent out to the appropriate individuals and also fixed deadlines are set for the tasks. This will help get the work accomplished effectively without creating a drift within the company. Using a virtual work team can prove to also be difficult as there is a difference in terms of the time spent by every individual in the trying to get to know each other when all these are done virtually. In a few manners the virtual work environment can prove to be challenging however it helps in reducing the issues of personality conflicts (Ubell). However in the virtual teams there is the issue of possible pre – judging that is possible based on the individual’s nationality or accent. Another possible drawback of the virtual teams can be the lack of synergy among the team members. This however can be resolved by means of brainstorming and also by assignment of tasks to the strengths of each individual. Also here there is also a number of opportunities present despite the dif ferences. Hence it is important to accept the differences and capitalise on the opportunities (Kottolli). The main benefits of the virtual teams are that these teams can be developed irrespective of where the members of the team are. Also, the team has a clear mission and also clear expectations from the others within the team. Here this allows better communication, creative thinking, innovation and also collaboration among the members. With the increase in the globalisation and the increase in t

Political science Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Political science - Essay Example A conservative would probably agree with all the Alabama measures against illegal immigrants. A conservative would think that since illegal aliens defied immigration laws they deserved to be treated like criminals and flushed out of their hiding places using all means. He will also consider as justifiable the use of stop and search measures on the basis of a vague rationale as reasonable suspicion, usually employed in anti-terrorism related drives, to ensure the apprehension of law breakers. On the other hand, a liberal, while realizing that illegal immigrants have violated immigration laws, will consider some of these measures as extreme, inhuman and unnecessary. A liberal will know how to balance between crime and punishment, and will not forget that illegal immigration is driven by the desire to find greener pastures and not to terrorize Americans. The punishment must fit the crime, but in any case no human being deserves to be treated like a rat. ... ?lack of codified law and coercive authority, a penchant for processes that are participatory and spontaneous, and an inherent impetus among community members to associate voluntarily and cooperatively† (Amster 291). Despite the system’s ideal underpinnings, anarchy is evidently unpopular. Successful rebellions against governments in various times of the world’s history did not result into the establishment of anarchic societies, but of new governments that were instantly installed to replace the toppled ones. The utopian nature of anarchy imports impracticability, presupposing a society where individuals stand together on equal footing, a notion that is illusory. There will always be individuals who will assert themselves above others and establish themselves as leaders, a position that can only be sustained if the community is organized and restrictions are imposed. Governments or systems of hierarchy are, therefore, inevitable (Kenneth & Goldman ). Moreover, an archy basically aspires for perfection, a condition impossible to achieve and more so to sustain. Nonetheless, anarchic societies do exist in the history of the world and even into the 20th century. This is exemplified by the Eskimo tribes of the North American Arctic, Pygmies in Zaire, the Yurok of North America, the Ifugao of the Philippines, the Land Dyaks of Sarawak, to name a few (Stringham 371-372). As can be seen, these societies are characterized by their small size, backward civilization and remoteness from the rest of the world, conditions that are impossible under a highly globalized world. Question 3: War on Terror The National Supremacy clause under Article VI of the US Constitution and the Reserve Clause of the Tenth Amendment have established the boundary between federal and state powers.

Literature Review Rough Draft Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Literature Review Rough Draft - Research Paper Example Cho et al. (2009) measured staffing with the help of two indicators; the first being the number of patients attended by a nurse counted at unit level, and the second being nurses’ perceptions of the adequacy of staffing. Cho et al. (2009) measured the quality of care and dissatisfaction with job using a burnout and a four-point scale gauged with the help of the Maslach Burnout Inventory, and determined the relationships between the three variables using the multilevel logistic regression models. Their research led them to the conclusion that nurse staffing is related to the care quality as well as job outcomes in the intensive care units of Korean hospitals. This conclusion was drawn on the basis of these findings; 20 per cent of the nurses perceived that the number of nurses needed to provide quality care was sufficient, whereas 33.33 per cent of the nurses were dissatisfied, 50 per cent were extremely burnt out with 25 per cent nurses contemplating to leave the hospital in t he following year. The optimal number of patients per nurse for high quality care as determined by the nurses was two or fewer. Kiekkas et al. (2008) explored variations in mortality of intensive care unit (ICU) patients based on the ratio between the total demands of patient care and staffing of nurses. Unlike Cho et al. (2009), whose design of research was cross-sectional along with a survey spanning August to October 2007, Kiekkas et al. (2008) conducted an observational and prospective study. Another major difference between the research of Cho et al. (2009) and Kiekkas et al. (2008) is that while the former included 1365 nurses in the survey who belonged to 65 units of intensive care in 22 different Korean hospitals to study the relationship between the staffing of nurses and the quality of nursing care related to nurses and job outcomes, the latter enrolled patients who were consecutively admitted in a Greek hospital’s medical

Job Analysis Paper Essay Example for Free

Job Analysis Paper Essay Job analyses are a way to create detailed job descriptions used by businesses to promote efficiency and best match potential between the employer and employee; but there are many other reasons to complete a job analysis. According to Ash and Levine (1980) there are 11 common uses for job analysis: career development; performance appraisal; legal issues; recruitment and selection of employees; training; setting salaries; efficiency/safety; job classification; job description; job design; and planning (Spector, 2008) There are many ways to complete a job analysis and the method used usually depends on the type of job or business. The four most common job analysis types are the; job component inventory; functional job analysis; position analysis questionnaire; and task inventory (Spector, 2008). For this paper this writer has chosen to use the functional job analysis method, utilizing the O*NET electronic database which was previously found in the Dictionary or Occupational Titles (DOT) and is produced by the United States Department of Labor (Spector, 2008). The occupation chosen is Substance Abuse and Behavioral Disorder Counselor. This paper will also look at the reliability and validity of the Functional Job Analysis as well as some of the pros and cons surrounding the four common methods mentioned above. See more: how to write an analysis paper on an article examples Functional Job Analysis-Substance Abuse and Behavioral Disorder Counselor The functional job analysis is a comprehensive method that makes use of observation, interviews, and scores on several dimensions; these dimensions are relevant to all jobs making this a uniform method to obtain information no matter what the job may be (Spector, 2008). The functional job analysis of a substance abuse specialist is as follows. (Note: due to the extensive amount of information provided much information will be paraphrased and writer will not include 100% of the data provided by O*NET.gov. – Also, the information provided is to show an understanding of the Functional Job Analysis along with the six domains utilized by the O*NET website.) Job Description The analysis begins with a job description as well as some of the titles associated with this vocation. In this case the job is to provide counseling to those struggling with addictions that include substances but also addictions to gambling, or other process addictions (Onetonline.gov, 2012). Job titles include: Counselor; Substance Abuse Counselor; Chemical Dependency Professional (Onetoneline, 2012). Tools Technology The next section discusses the tools technology generally used for this occupation. They include: Alcohol Breathalyzers; Personal Computers; and Spreadsheet Software. While this is an extremely comprehensive source there are items that are missing this writer noted the absence of Urine analysis kits used often in the field. Tasks Tasks according to the O*net website include but are not limited to: Completion and Maintenance of Records and Reports; Conduct Chemical Dependency programs; and Coordination with other Mental Health Professionals or Health Professionals as Needed (Onetonline, 2012). Knowledge Knowledge is next and the competencies include: Therapy and Counseling; Psychology; Customer Service; and Law and Government (Onetonline, 2012). Skills Skills include but are not limited to: Active Listening; Social Perceptiveness; Critical Thinking; and Speaking (Onetonline, 2012). Abilities Some of the abilities are: Oral Comprehension; Oral Expression; Problem Sensitivity; and Speech Clarity (Onetonline, 2012). Work Activities The work activities include: Assisting and Caring for others; Communicating with Peers, subordinates, and others; Documenting/Recording Informations; and Getting Information (Onetonline, 2012). Work Context The work context appears to be questions one would ask a prospective employer about the nature of any particular position. Questions center on particular job duties such as the length of time spent on the telephone, or how often one would be called upon to work with external customers and even if there would be time constraints or deadlines (Onetonline, 2012). Job Zone The job zone is devoted to the educational requirements, related experience, and a general look at the type of job it is. In this category some of the examples include: accountants; sales managers; and chemists (Onetonline, 2012). Education Looks at the levels of education required in the field (Onetonline, 2012) Interests This job is categorized as SAI: Social; Artistic; and Investigative (Onetonline, 2012). Work Styles Work styles are mainly characteristics held by people within the field. Self Control, Stress Tolerance, Concern for Others, and Dependability are just some of them (Onetonline, 2012). Work Values People that work in the field are said to value relationships, achievement, and independence (Onetonline, 2012). Wages Employment Trends Lastly this job analysis discusses wages and employment trends on a national and local level (Onetonline, 2012). Reliability and Validity In order to understand the reliability and validity of job analyses one must have an understanding of who provides the information and who is responsible for gathering and making sense of the data. According to Spector (2008) Job analysis information is collected in several ways by people trained â€Å"in quantifying job characteristics and the KSAOs necessary to accomplish the different aspects of jobs†. These people either survey the employees who do the jobs in question or experience the job firsthand by doing it themselves or observing it being done†. The information is provided by job analysts, supervisors, job incumbents, and/or trained observers. Because supervisors and job incumbents have experience in the field they can be known as subject matter experts or SMEs (Spector, 2008). According to the research Dierdoff and Wilson (2003) found that when creating job analysis there is a reliability factor of .83 showing consistency. Depending on the type of rater inter-rater reliability was lower. Task inventory ratings varied depending on the scale given, or importance of a task and inter-rater reliabilities also varied quite a bit (Spector, 2008). So it seems that if a task inventory rating is used it should be done with great care. Validity is fairly high but comes with a caution. Once again the issue of people’s judgments and bias comes up (Spector, 2008). Job analysis is useful to I/O’s but must be carefully considered to assess validity (Spector, 2008). The job analysis provided by O*NET.gov was accurate and comprehensive but one could see that it is not possible to pinpoint every aspect of the job. Some parts may not apply or may apply to one place of employment and not another. Of course there are also the possible omissions such as the Urine Analysis under tools and equipment. This writer does feel that this particular analysis was reliable and valid based on first-hand knowledge of the field. Performance Appraisal Methods There are two types of appraisals; one is objective and the other subjective. Objective appraisals are a way to measure things like absences, or productivity. This would be a simple way of rating people in certain vocations where showing up and meeting a quota is important. Take people that work in a factory and need to produce high volume; this is one example of where this type of appraisal method would be beneficial. Certain aspects of performance can be measured very well using an objective approach but several weaknesses stand out. One is that the object being measured is not always clear; the other is that it is prone to human error (Spector, 2008) There are several subjective appraisal methods: the graphic-rating form; and many behavior-focused rating forms. These are more likely to be used and measure both trait performance and general aspects of performance (Spector, 2008). Graphic-Rating Form A graphic rating form is a chart with several areas that can be rated with choices either numbered or with other terms such as frequently to never at all (Spector, 2008). It is a way to make an evaluation on many dimensions relating to a particular job. This is an efficient way to get an overall picture. Behaviorally Anchored Rating Scale (BARS) The BARS is a way of evaluating performance on a behavioral level. Relevant job expectations or behaviors are listed and the evaluator will find the choice that best describes an employee’s level of performance along a continuum (Spector, 2008). Mixed Standard Scale (MSS) A MSS has several statements that describe performance or behaviors with three choices that describe a particular level of performance (Spector, 2008). The three choices are randomly placed but they represent good performance, satisfactory performance and poor performance (Spector, 2008). This method like others gives a good overall picture but lacks the details that may surround poor performance. Behavior-Observation-Scale (BOS) The BOS is a way to measure behaviors using a percentage. Instead of describing how well a person responds it describes how often the behavior is seen. One rating could be â€Å"Stays on Task† and the evaluator or observer is to estimate using percentages how well the employee stays on task (Spector, 2008). The BOS is also similar to a mixed-standard scale because it uses critical incidence and either a poor or efficient behavior but; instead of rating behaviors the BOS rates frequency (Spector, 2008). One of the criticisms of the BOS is that to an outsider it may be hard to interpret (Spector, 2008) Conclusion This has been an overview of job analysis, perforamance appraisal, and the concepts of reliability and validity. We have seen that job analysis can be a great source of information. Not only does it provide details pertaining to a particular job but the job analysis can also help in the business world by providing possible legal and ethical issues, training program development and to help establish salaries just to name a few. We also know that there are several methods used to rate an employee’s performance which one is utilized depends on how detailed and what type of information needs to be measured. Lastly as with most other assessments, ratings, and measurements the reliability and validity of any job analysis is open to bias, and other human factors. All of these things must be taken into consideration and critical thinking generally applies.

Internet of Things Paradigm

Internet of Things Paradigm Introduction According to 2016 statistical forecast, there are almost 4.77 billion number of mobile phone users in globally and it is expected to pass the five billion by 2019. [1] The main attribute of this significant increasing trend is due to increasing popularity of smartphones. In 2012, about a quarter of all mobile users were smartphone users and this will be doubled by 2018 which mean there are be more than 2.6 million smartphone users. Of these smartphone users more than quarter are using Samsung and Apple smartphone. Until 2016, there are 2.2 million and 2 million of apps in google app store and apple store respectively. Such explosive growth of apps gives potential benefit to developer and also companies. There are about $88.3 billion revenue for mobile application market. Prominent exponents of the IT industry estimated that the IoT paradigm will generate $1.7 trillion in value added to the global economy in 2019. By 2020 the Internet of Things device will more than double the size of the smartphone, PC, tablet, connected car, and the wearable market combined. Technologies and services belonging to the Internet of Things have generated global revenues in $4.8 trillion in 2012 and will reach $8.9 trillion by 2020, growing at a compound annual rate (CAGR) of 7.9%. From this impressive market growth, malicious attacks also have been increased dramatically. According to Kaspersky Security Network(KSN) data report, there has been more than 171,895,830 malicious attacks from online resources among word wide. In second quarter of 2016, they have detected 3,626,458 malicious installation packages which is 1.7 times more than first quarter of 2016. Type of these attacks are broad such as RiskTool, AdWare, Trojan-SMS, Trojan-Dropper, Trojan, Trojan-Ransom,Trojan-Spy,Trojan-Banker,Trojan-Downloader,Backdoor, etc.. http://resources.infosecinstitute.com/internet-things-much-exposed-cyber-threats/#gref Unfortunately, the rapid diffusion of the Internet of Things paradigm is not accompanied by a rapid improvement of efficient security solutions for those smart objects, while the criminal ecosystem is exploring the technology as new attack vectors. Technological solutions belonging to the Internet of Things are forcefully entering our daily life. Lets think, for example, of wearable devices or the SmartTV. The greatest problem for the development of the paradigm is the low perception of the cyber threats and the possible impact on privacy. Cybercrime is aware of the difficulties faced by the IT community to define a shared strategy to mitigate cyber threats, and for this reason, it is plausible that the number of cyber attacks against smart devices will rapidly increase. As long there is money to be made criminals will continue to take advantage of opportunities to pick our pockets. While the battle with cybercriminals can seem daunting, its a fight we can win. We only need to break one link in their chain to stop them dead in their tracks. Some tips to success: Deploy patches quickly Eliminate unnecessary applications Run as a non-privileged user Increase employee awareness Recognize our weak points Reducing the threat surface Currently, both major app store companies, Google and Apple, takes different position to approach spam app detection. One takes an active and the other with passive approach. There is strong request of malware detection from global Background (Previous Study) The paper Early Detection of Spam Mobile Apps was published by dr. Surangs. S with his colleagues at the 2015 International World Wide Web conferences. In this conference, he has been emphasised importance of early detection of malware and also introduced a unique idea of how to detect spam apps. Every market operates with their policies to deleted application from their store and this is done thru continuous human intervention. They want to find reason and pattern from the apps deleted and identified spam apps. The diagram simply illustrates how they approach the early spam detection using manual labelling. Data Preparation New dataset was prepared from previous study [53]. The 94,782 apps of initial seed were curated from the list of apps obtained from more than 10,000 smartphone users. Around 5 months, researcher has been collected metadata from Goole Play Store about application name, application description, and application category for all the apps and discarded non-English description app from the metadata. Sampling and Labelling Process One of important process of their research was manual labelling which was the first methodology proposed and this allows to identify the reason behind their removal. Manual labelling was proceeded around 1.5 month with 3 reviewers at NICTA. Each reviewer labelled by heuristic checkpoint points and majority reason of voting were denoted as following Graph3. They identified 9 key reasons with heuristic checkpoints. These full list checkpoints can be find out from their technical report. (http://qurinet.ucdavis.edu/pubs/conf/www15.pdf)[] In this report, we only list checkpoints of the reason as spam. Graph3. Labelled spam data with checkpoint reason. Checkpoint S1-Does the app description describe the app function clearly and concisely? 100 word bigrams and trigrams were manually conducted from previous studies which describe app functionality. There is high probability of spam apps not having clear description. Therefore, 100 words of bigrams and trigrams were compared with each description and counted frequency of occurrence. Checkpoint S2-Does the app description contain too much details, incoherent text, or unrelated text? literary style, known as Stylometry, was used to map checkpoint2. In study, 16 features were listed in table 2. Table 2. Features associated with Checkpoint 2 Feature 1 Total number of characters in the description 2 Total number of words in the description 3 Total number of sentences in the description 4 Average word length 5 Average sentence length 6 Percentage of upper case characters 7 Percentage of punctuations 8 Percentage of numeric characters 9 Percentage of common English words 10 Percentage of personal pronouns 11 Percentage of emotional words 12 Percentage of misspelled word 13 Percentage of words with alphabet and numeric characters 14 Automatic readability index(AR) 15 Flesch readability score(FR) For the characterization, feature selection of greedy method [ ] was used with max depth 10 of decision tree classification. The performance was optimized by asymmetric F-Measure [55] They found that Feature number 2, 3, 8, 9, and 10 were most discriminativeand spam apps tend to have less wordy app description compare to non-spam apps. About 30% spam app had less than 100 words description. Checkpoint SÂ ­3 Does the app description contain a noticeable repetition of words or key words? They used vocabulary richness to deduce spam apps. Vocabulary Richness(VR) = Researcher expected low VR for spam apps according to repetition of keywords. However, result was opposite to expectation. Surprisingly VR close to 1 was likely to be spam apps and none of non-spam app had high VR result. [ ] This might be due to terse style of app description among spam apps. Checkpoint S4 Does the app description contain unrelated keywords or references? Common spamming technique is adding unrelated keyword to increase search result of app that topic of keyword can vary significantly. New strategy was proposed for these limitations which is counting the mentioning of popular applications name from apps description. In previous research name of top-100 apps were used for counting number of mentioning. Only 20% spam apps have mentioned the popular apps more than once in their description. Whereas, 40 to 60 % of non-spam had mention more than once. They found that many of top-apps have social media interface and fan pages to keep connection with users. Therefore, theses can be one of identifier to discriminate spam of non-spam apps. Checkpoint S5 Does the app description contain excessive references to other applications from the same developer? Number of times a developers other app names appear. Only 10 spam apps were considered as this checkpoint because the description contained links to the application rather than the app names. Checkpoint S6 Does the developer have multiple apps with approximately the same description? For this checkpoint, 3 features were considered: The total number of other apps developed by same developer. The total number of apps that written in English description to measure description similarity. Have description Cosine similarity(s) of over 60%, 70%, 80%, and 90% from the same developer. Pre-process was required to calculate the cosine similarity: [ ] Firstly, converting the words in lower case and removing punctuation symbols. Then calibrate each document with word frequency vector. Cosine similarity equation: http://blog.christianperone.com/2013/09/machine-learning-cosine-similarity-for-vector-space-models-part-iii/ They observed that the most discriminative of the similarity between app descriptions. Only 10% 15% of the non-spam had 60% of description similarity between 5 other apps that developed by same developer. On the other hand, more than 27% of the spam apps had 60% of description similarity result. This evidence indicates the tendency of the spam apps multiple cone with similar app descriptions. Checkpoint S7 Does the app identifier (applied) make sense and have some relevance to the functionality of the application or does it appear to be auto generated? Application identifier(appid) is unique identifier in Google Play Store, name followed by the Java package naming convention. Example, for the facebook , appid is com.facebook.katana. For 10% of the spam apps the average word length is higher than 10 and it was so only for 2%-3% of the non-spam apps. None of the non-spam apps had more than 20% of non-letter bigram appear in the appid, whereas 5% of spam apps had. Training and Result From 1500 of random sampling data 551 apps (36.73%) were suspicious as spam. [ ] Methods Automation We used Checkpoint S1 and S2 for data management due to its comparability and highest number of agreement from reviewers. Due to limitation of accessibility for collect description reason only 100 sample was used for the testing. We have automated checkpoint S1 and S2 according to following algorithm. Collected data were used log transformation to modify. This can be valuable both for making patterns in the data more interpretable and for helping to meet the assumptions of inferential statistics. To make a code most time consuming part was description collection which takes more than two weeks to find and store. The raw data directed the description link for appID. However, many of them where not founded due to old version or no more available. So we searched all this info manually from the web and founded description was saved as a file which named as appID. (Diagram.) This allowed us to recall the description more efficiently in automation code. S1 was automated by identified 100 word-bigrams and word-trigrams that are describing a functionality of applications. Because there is high probability of spam app doesnt have these words in their description, we have counted number of occurrence in each application. Full list of these bigrams and trigrams found in Table 1. Table 1. Bigrams and trigrams using the description of top apps play games are available is the game app for android you can get notified to find learn how get your is used to your phone to search way to core functionality a simple match your is a smartphone available for app for to play key features stay in touch this app is available that allows to enjoy take care of you have to you to can you beat buy your is effortless its easy to use try to allows you keeps you action game take advantage tap the take a picture save your makes it easy follow what is the free is a global brings together choose from is a free discover more play as on the go more information learn more turns on is an app face the challenges game from in your pocket your device on your phone make your life with android it helps delivers the offers essential is a tool full of features for android lets you is a simple it gives support for need your help enables your game of how to play at your fingertips to discover brings you to learn this game play with it brings navigation app makes mobile is a fun your answer drives you strategy game is an easy game on your way app which on android application which train your game which helps you make your S2 was second highest number of agreement from three reviewers in previous study. Among 551 identified spam apps, 144 apps were confirmed by S2, 63 from 3 reviewers and 81 from 2 reviewer agreed. We knew that from pre-research result, total number of words in the description, Percentages of numeric characters, Percentage of non-alphabet characters, and Percentage of common English words will give most distinctive feature. Therefore, we automated total number of words in the description and Percentage of common English words using C++. Algorithm 1. Counting the total number of bi/tri-grams in the description From literature [], they used 16 features of to find the information from checkpointS2. This characterization was done with wrapper method using decision tree classifier and they have found 30% of spam apps were have less than 100 words in their description and only 15% of most popular apps have less than 100 words. We extracted simple but key point from their result which was number of words in description and the percentage of common English words. This was developed in C++ as followed. Algorithm 2. Counting the total number of words in the description int count_Words(std::string input_text){ int number_of_words =1; for(int i =0; i if(input_text[i] == ) number_of_words++; return number_of_words; } } Percentage of common English words has not done properly due to difficulty of standard selection. However, here is code that we will develop in future study. Algorithm 3. Calculate the Percentage of common English words(CEW) in the description Int count_CEW(std::string input_text){ Int number_of_words=1; For(int i while(!CEW.eof(){ if(strcmp(input_text[i],CEW){ number_of_words++; } else{ getline(readFile, CEW); } } return number_of_words; } Int percentage(int c_words, int words){ return (c_words/words)*100 } Normalizaton We had variables between [ min, max] for S1 and S2. Because of high skewness of database, normalization was strongly required. Database normalization is the process of organizing data into tables in such a way that the results of using the database are always unambiguous and as intended. Such normalization is intrinsic to relational database theory. Using Excel, we had normalized data as following diagram. Thru normalization, we could have result of transformed data between 0 and 1. The range of 0 and 1 was important for later process in LVQ. Diagram. Excel spread sheet of automated data(left) and normalized data (right) After transformation we wanted to test data to show how LVQ algorithm works with modified attributes. Therefore, we sampled only 100 data from modified data set. Even the result was not significant, it was important to test. Because, after this step, we can add more attributes in future study and possible to adjust the calibration. We have randomly sampled 50 entities from each top rank 100 and from pre-identified spam data. Top 100 ranked apps was assumed and high likely identify as non-spam apps. Diagram. Initial Results We used the statistical package python to perform Learning Vector Quantification. LVQ is prototype-bases supervised classification algorithm which belongs to the field of Artificial Neural Networks. It can have implemented for multi-class classification problem and algorithm can modify during training process. The information processing objective of the algorithm is to prepare a set of codebook (or prototype) vectors in the domain of the observed input data samples and to use these vectors to classify unseen examples. An initially random pool of vectors was prepared which are then exposed to training samples. A winner-take-all strategy was employed where one or more of the most similar vectors to a given input pattern are selected and adjusted to be closer to the input vector, and in some cases, further away from the winner for runners up. The repetition of this process results in the distribution of codebook vectors in the input space which approximate the underlying distribution of samples from the test dataset Our experiments are done using only the for the manufactured products due to data size. We performed 10-fold cross validation on the data. It gives us the average value of 56%, which was quite high compare to previous study considering that only two attributes are used to distribute spam, non-spam. LVQ program was done by 3 steps; [ ] Euclidean Distance Best Matching Unit Training Codebook Vectors 1. Euclidean Distance. Distance between two rows in a dataset was required which generate multi-dimensions for the dataset. The formula for calculating the distance between dataset Where the difference between two datasets was taken, and squared, and summed for p variables def euclidean_distance(row1, row2): distance = 0.0 for i in range(len(row1)-1): distance += (row1[i] row2[i])**2 return sqrt(distance) 2. Best Matching Unit Once all the data was converted using Euclidean Distance, these new piece of data should sorted by their distance. def get_best_matching_unit(codebooks, test_row): distances = list() for codebook in codebooks: dist = euclidean_distance(codebook, test_row) distances.append((codebook, dist)) distances.sort(key=lambda tup: tup[1]) return distances [0][0] 3. Training Codebook Vectors Patterns were constructed from random feature in the training dataset def random_codebook(train): n_records = len(train) n_features = len(train [0]) codebook = [train[randrange(n_records)][i] for i in range(n_features)] return codebook Future work During writing process, I found that data collection from Google Play Store can be automated using Java client. This will induce number of dataset and possible to improve accuracy with high time saving. Because number of attributes and number of random sampling, result of the research is appropriate to call as significant result. However, basic framework was developed to improve accuracy. Acknowledgement In the last summer, I did some research reading work under the supervision of Associate Professor Julian Jang-Jaccard. Ive got really great support from Julian and INMS. Thanks to the financial support I received from INMS that I can fully focused on my academic research and benefited a great deal from this amazing opportunity. The following is a general report of my summer research: In the beginning of summer, I studied the paper A Detailed Analysis of the KDD CUP 99 Data Set by M. Trvallaee et. al. This gave basic idea of how to handle machine learning techniques. Approach of KNN and LVQ Main project was followed from a paper Why My App Got Deleted Detection of Spam Mobile Apps by Suranga Senevirane et. al. I have tried my best to keep report simple yet technically correct. I hope I succeed in my attempt. Reference Appendix Modified Data Number of Words in thousands bigram/tr-gram Identified as spam(b)/not(g) 0.084 0 b 0.18 0 b 0.121 0 b 0.009 1 b 0.241 0 b 0.452 0 b 0.105 1 b 0.198 0 b 0.692 1 b 0.258 1 b 0.256 1 b 0.225 0 b 0.052 0 b 0.052 0 b 0.021 0 b 0.188 1 b 0.188 1 b 0.092 1 b 0.098 0 b 0.188 1 b 0.161 1 b 0.107 0 b 0.375 0 b 0.195 0 b 0.112 0 b 0.11 1 g 0.149 1 g 0.368 1 g 0.22 1 g 0.121 1 g 0.163 1 g 0.072 1 g 0.098 1 g 0.312 1 g 0.282 1 g 0.229 1 g 0.256 1 g 0.298 0 g 0.092 0 g 0.189 0 g 0.134 1 g 0.157 1 g 0.253 1 g 0.12 1 g 0.34 1 g 0.57 1 g 0.34 1 g 0.346 1 g 0.126 1 g 0.241 1 g 0.162 1 g 0.084 0 g 0.159 0 g 0.253 1 g 0.231 1 g

Strategic Change Management At Marks And Spencer Business Essay

Strategic Change Management At Marks And Spencer Business Essay Marks and Spencer is one of the leading foods and non food items retailer almost all over the world and its mission is to provide excellent quality to their customers. It has long heritage of excellent service and product and successful stories of business. These days they have faced some great extend of competition from their competitors such as competitive price strategy and use of excellent market tools and new fashion at low cost prices. In this report we will discuss the need of change that Marks and Spencer would required in organization. Background of Change: These days companies are focus to increase their product line and market their process by using of effective marketing tools for example 4ps for example Tesco is the one of the biggest retailer in the UK and currently having more than 2500 line of products in their store and they are increasing their products day by day because they want to retain their old customers as well as they want to attract new customers, for this purpose they have strong RD Team that helps them to know that what would be the competitive product and they not only took initiative but also start their specific group researched to improve their existing product. Mean while the whole process is monitored by upper management level and they use right place, right process and right product for the right people and increase their sales level with the slogan of Every little help. This is very effective strategy to show the whole process by saying that that they are only helping their customers. The need of above example is the main key process of their RD team is that they review their whole process again and again to make their decision and products better and implement changes on urgency basis. Before discussing the need of change in Marks and Spencer I will discuss and model for changes which are these: Kotters Model for Change Kotters Model for Change: Change is a process that need to be placed compulsory in each and every organization these days after certain period, these changed could be in management level or labour level, but the important thing that this change should be implemented successfully to gain the same level or more then the old level of satisfaction or profit. In Harvard Business School Korter introduced the eight step of model of change that help organization to implement the desired change successfully and carefully and also on urgent basis. (Mind Tools, 2011) He mentioned that changes that organization need in the presence of their competitors are most quick so thats why employees should accept the change to help the org. to lead in market with quick decision. Step no. 1: Need of Urgency: As we have discussed above that company needs a quick change to lead in the market with competitive skills and products and with competitive decisions. Now we will see its importance with an example of Marks and Spencer, suppose its competitor ASDA introduces a discount of 10% bread and butter together, now the very next morning it is the challenging situation for Marks and Spencer to retain their customers before opening hour they have to call the meeting on urgent basis and plan the change in their strategy because of the competitors actions, they introduce loyalty scheme that who buys bread and butter will get double club card point that will help to retain the customers and their profit will remain same, but afterwards they need to make it sure that this one decision is implement in all their branches in UK to protect the confidence of the customers. This is call urgency need of change. To implement these skills and situation MS would need to: Analyse their employees potential of learning and their knowledge skills that how active they are towards any change Allow the room and time to employees to find out the need of business by doing SWOT analysis and made them aware that how quick they should be in term of change When management take the decision from employees than employees would know and will assess the upcoming change and will be ready to adopt it. Step no 2: Strong Coalition: Implementation of change without strong leadership means having a profit without investments in retail industry. We can measure the importance of change without leader in our daily lives. According to Korter team work of organization towards change leads to success. For that purpose Marks and Spencer must follow these points: Take a feed back from employees about the progress of the leader Do external audit to know the influence of leader on their employees Hire new strong leader to implement the changes on urgent basis Step 3: Change in Goals and Mission: Every organization do practice and do internal audit to make sure that their employees are working with the knowledge of their path that leads to common mission and objectives. According to Korter in case of change in organization goals and mission they must remember these new approaches to their employees. (Value Based, 2010) They can do in the following format: Use of few words and post it inside the organization on small distances Do the seminars with the general public and with employees to show your progress and the care companys for customers and their employees Use of these words in common speeches in mid term reports, etc. Step no. 4: Regular discussion and communication of vision and mission: As we have discussed before that the need of the management is to do practice of remembering of common vision and mission among their employees to let them know their duties and any new changes. Step no. 5: Remove Obstacles: As we have discussed the korters need of urgency at start they also focused that if they found any obstacle in reviewing process it must be removed urgently. Step no 6: Short Term Wins: Management while remembering the vision among employees should appreciate every little effort of employees to made them perfect and efficient in their own tasks. This would help the other employees to be motivated. (The leader ship hub, 2011) Step no 7: Build the Change Continuously: This step defines that company need to be productive and should not stop after certain level of change but regularly should analyse the market situation. Step no 8: Relation with companys culture: Company such as Marks and Spencer should always relate the change ideas and strategized with the company environment and with its current cultures. Change in Marks and Spencer: In recent research it is found that MS having low level of sales due to their extra expenses on non related items like according to MS they spent 2m pounds in partnership with Oxfam to collect the old unused cloths and for stopping land filling. This strategy also market on their websites and on different paid place these activities got lot of amount and did give back nothing in term of financial to stake holders. Before implementing these kinds of strategies it is necessary to measure the benefit of key stake holders. (Marks and Spencer, 2010) Initially they attract 1200 of people on their web site in one moth by saying that they will award a sum of amount who would give the most productive idea to protect the environment but this activity to invite them didnt give them as such because they were more focused towards other activities than introducing new styles and products. Need of Change in Specific Areas: As we have discussed the reason that why they need change that is first of all the over spent on the advertising and second thing is that the focus of the management towards companies goal and mission and third is increasing the product line. These factors are not only focused on companys strategies but if we discuss the same factors with the companys objective we must ensure the quality of whole process to let every employees know the importance and values of companys mission. With the relation of all above discussion now I will discuss the exact main root of change that what are the places needed change? Factors of need of change: Below are the main root that causes the disturbance and these factors need to become changed in Marks and Spencer: Unclear goals of MS among the employees Extra spending and attention of extra curricular activities Low number of product line Increase new style fashion Regular reviewing and monitoring process (Internal Audit) These are the few points that must be implementing in Marks and Spencer to accomplish its old mission statement. Change in Management Activities: As we have discussed that the main problem in marks and Spencer is that their vision towards their business activities is not clear they are focus to treat other activities as their own business activities such as they joined their hand with Oxfam a charity organization and have started campaign to collect the unusable cloths to stop land filling and reselling them with the help of Oxfam. Actually they have distracted from their actual work its not due to some employees activity but this action is being decided and taken by upper level of management. Now the change is needed in that area to recover the absence and demage to business brand value to complete their uncompleted short term goals to achieve long term goals on decided time until 2020. Application of Kotters Model: Here kotters first step of model of change applies that they needs to create the situation of quick change by considering the current situation of their business as compare to the other competitors they must be able to act as quick as they want to gain the profit from the market businesses. For this they need a strong leadership that would motivate and attract the employees towards the need of urgency because some times employees didnt focus that what they are doing and they didnt adopt the change so it is the responsibility of leader to insist them that change is the compulsory thing that needs to be implement. (mind tools, 2010) Change in Product Line: The change is needed in product line where there are very few fashion products they are presenting as compare to their competitors. BY doing SWOT analysis they would come to know the need of new and innovative product that will help them to retain the old customers and by introducing new styles in non food industry they will attract other new customers as well. (Marks and Spencer) Change in Spending on Extra curricular Activities: They need to change their perception towards the mind capturing of customers until now they understand that the best way to attract the customers is socialise them on their web site and ask them to give new ideas to win the prizes but these ideas were not so popular and still the reason of spending extra money and time on it. Application of Short term Wins: After ensuring the strong leader management need to do a quick review of their planning and find out any barrier that stops their progress towards their goals. After ensuring all tools and techniques than they need to make sure that they are appreciating their employees to get out of them some thing extra to promote their vision and to get the suggestions and new ideas from them. Change in Fashion Products: As we have discussed that they are currently in need to attract the customers by introducing new styles and fashion in garments industry to attract more customers from all around the UK so in that case they would able to become the market leader in short term in the UKs market. Relation with Marks and Spencers Culture: After ensuring that they have removed the barriers and have created short term wins now they need to change the inner environment of MS time by time to get the modern techniques and styles in to their organization. That continuous change would remind the employees to give their on suggestions on their short term wins and with that opinions business would be able to act more quickly towards the change. Key Stake holder at Marks and Spencer: Now we will discuss the importance of stake holders in any organizations and their need in the companies change strategies and their importance in over all business planning. Stake holder means a group of person and companies having direct or in direct relation with the company strategies and they are affected with company decision internally or externally. Suppliers as a key stake holder at MS: Supplier at Marks and Spencer are both food and non food products so while making strategic planning it is crucial to take care of their interest in that policies. Suppliers interest could be increase in number of their order so they would get paid more and taking new orders would increase their productivity and profit. With the consent in change in business strategies of suppliers they would able to provide new products and new ideas on time to the customers on the shop and also on online stores and they would get on time door to door delivery. They also a great impact on environmental by using green factories and transportation while delivering the food and fashion products to the customers at their doors. Board of Directors at Marks and Spencer: Board of Directors are those person who have superior power inside the organization and are holding large number of shares and any nay policies effect their interest more badly or positively. So it is vey important to design the change policy in the way in which BOD can easily identify their short term and long term profit of the organization. Customers of Marks and Spencer: Their are two types of customers who shop from Marks and Spencer that is in shop customers and other type is Online customers in recent annual report according to MS they showed the sales figure in which the total 15% of sale from UK was online based that was the huge amount sold from online resources. Now while doing change in organization it is very important to consider the interest of both type of customers to get the highest level of satisfied customers with increasing number of sales. Government: In some projects govt. is included in the business planning as a stake holder such a charity program that runs nation wide have a great influence of govt. department in it so doing change in policies would effect them badly. So management needs to care their interest as well to protect their long term benefit. Implementation Process of Model of Change in Marks and Spencer: Bow we will discuss the need of change and how they implement it in the organization with consent of all other key stake holders. To understand this process easily I have divided these steps in main five steps such as financial and function level and their sub heads with Kotters models, etc. The implementation is described in table below: Model of Change in Marks and Spencer Levels Definition Starting/Function level Need To made quick decision on Urgent basis Strong leadership that leads to strong team work Process Level Clear vision on all companys objective On regular basis communication with companys employees Structure Level Improve structure level by removing any obstacle Increase the confidence by awarding them on short term achievement Marketing Level Regular working towards change with the help of marketing tools Innovation/Maturity Level Daily revision of old achievements and new targets Progress with practice under supervision Discussion of above Table of application and implementation: In Marks and Spencer company have lot of branches inside the UK to make sure that they all act on policies of change at functional level and process level it is necessary to get their strong leadership on them to bring the new and desired change it is due to the research of Kotters model of change according to him the need of change only could be generated if the team would have strong coalition and strong leadership. Thats why doing SWOT analysis at this level is also important to get rid of barriers at urgency level, other wise whole process would lead to the company towards unsuccessful change and the interest of stake holders would be damaged. Yours Truly, Adnan Jamil

Free Essays - The role of Antonio in Shakespeares Tempest :: Tempest essays

The role of Antonio in Shakespeare's Tempest          [Note: In this written work Antonio thinks of himself as an innocent person and believes that the world is doing wrong to him .He also believes that his rights have been snatched from him and no one in this world is more miserable and sympathy deserving than him.]       Life is so miserable. Here I sit in a corner of this darkened room all alone thinking about my past and trying to figure out what to do with my futile life .The night is dark and long just like the rest of my life. But it is not too late, as long as I am living I will struggle to get what I deserve. Life has become very upsetting lately and I miss the times when I was the highest authority and the sole Duke on Milan. Now things have changed and I sit here in my room helpless, with nothing in my hand, no charge or position in Milan. What a glory I have experienced, guards on my security at all times, wo castles with several maids at my service, I worked with people I liked and got rid of the useless ones. I was the master and everyone else a slave, my orders were fulfilled in no time and I lived a happy life. If only I had planned more carefully and kept track of my men putting my brother to eternal sleep I would have been living a pleasant life of a duke; I would never ha ve been hopeless to Prospero's powers.       Ugh... I hear Prospero's insulting words in my ears. How could I have possibly heard those insulting words from him at the island when he snatched my dukedom from me? At that time my life was in his hands.   Looking at him now sitting at the place where I have ruled for 12 years is an unbearable sight to me. What is my future? ...A slave for Prospero? No! I will not let this happen. Prospero is taking revenge from me, he treats me like I am nothing .He doesn't miss any chance of teasing me. He did the worst to me today.

The Etiology and Treatment of Parkinson Disease Essay -- Health Aging

Parkinson Disease There exists a group of people who live the final years of their lives in glass boxes. They are perfectly capable of seeing outside, but incapable of reaching out to the world around them. Their emotions can not be shown through facial expression, and as their condition continues, speech also becomes difficult or even impossible. These people are men and women of all races and geographical areas, constituting one percent of the world’s population over 50 years old. Parkinson disease is their affliction. Although Parkinsonism has been around almost as long as recorded history, there is yet to be found a cause or a cure. Medications tame the symptoms and prolong life, but are incapable of reversing the disease progression.. Diagnosis relies exclusively upon clinical signs and symptoms, because almost all laboratory and radiography tests are normal in the Parkinson patient. For this reason early diagnosis is very difficult. The fact that early signs of Parkinsonism can easily be overlooked as normal aging, further complicates diagnosis. Therefore, primary care physicians of the middle-aged and elderly population must be extremely sensitive to patients’ outward appearance and changes in movement ability. Most signs and symptoms of Parkinson disease correspond to one of three motor deficiencies: bradykinesia, akinesia, tremor, and rigidity. The first two qualities are usually present before tremor, but often attributed to aging by the patient and even the physician, and thus the disease is rarely diagnosed until tremor becomes evident much later. An average of 80% of the nigrostriatal neurons may have already degenerated by the time Parkinsonism is diagnosed, which complicates treatment (Fitzgerald, 130). Bra... ...ed. Bailliere Tindall. London: 1985. Kandel, E. R., J. H. Schwarz, and T. M. Jessel. Principles of Neural Science. 3rd ed. Elsevier. New York: 1991. Korczyn, A. D. "Autonomic Nervous System Disturbances in Parkinson’s Disease." Advances in Neurology. Vol. 53, 1990, Pp., 463-468. Langston, J. W. "Current Theories on the Cause of Parkinson’s Disease. " Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry. 1989, suppl. ,pp. 13-i7. Lees, AJ. "The On-Off Phenomenon." Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry. 1989, suppl. ,pp. 29-37. Lieberman, A., "Emerging Perspectives in Parkinson’s Disease." Neurology. April 1992. suppl 4.. Pp. 5-7. Rowland, L. P., ed. Merritt’s Textbook of Neurology. 7th ed. Lea and Febiger. Philadelphia: 1984. Walton, Sir John. Brain’s Diseases of the Nervous System. 9th ed. Oxford University Press. Oxford: 1985. The Etiology and Treatment of Parkinson Disease Essay -- Health Aging Parkinson Disease There exists a group of people who live the final years of their lives in glass boxes. They are perfectly capable of seeing outside, but incapable of reaching out to the world around them. Their emotions can not be shown through facial expression, and as their condition continues, speech also becomes difficult or even impossible. These people are men and women of all races and geographical areas, constituting one percent of the world’s population over 50 years old. Parkinson disease is their affliction. Although Parkinsonism has been around almost as long as recorded history, there is yet to be found a cause or a cure. Medications tame the symptoms and prolong life, but are incapable of reversing the disease progression.. Diagnosis relies exclusively upon clinical signs and symptoms, because almost all laboratory and radiography tests are normal in the Parkinson patient. For this reason early diagnosis is very difficult. The fact that early signs of Parkinsonism can easily be overlooked as normal aging, further complicates diagnosis. Therefore, primary care physicians of the middle-aged and elderly population must be extremely sensitive to patients’ outward appearance and changes in movement ability. Most signs and symptoms of Parkinson disease correspond to one of three motor deficiencies: bradykinesia, akinesia, tremor, and rigidity. The first two qualities are usually present before tremor, but often attributed to aging by the patient and even the physician, and thus the disease is rarely diagnosed until tremor becomes evident much later. An average of 80% of the nigrostriatal neurons may have already degenerated by the time Parkinsonism is diagnosed, which complicates treatment (Fitzgerald, 130). Bra... ...ed. Bailliere Tindall. London: 1985. Kandel, E. R., J. H. Schwarz, and T. M. Jessel. Principles of Neural Science. 3rd ed. Elsevier. New York: 1991. Korczyn, A. D. "Autonomic Nervous System Disturbances in Parkinson’s Disease." Advances in Neurology. Vol. 53, 1990, Pp., 463-468. Langston, J. W. "Current Theories on the Cause of Parkinson’s Disease. " Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry. 1989, suppl. ,pp. 13-i7. Lees, AJ. "The On-Off Phenomenon." Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry. 1989, suppl. ,pp. 29-37. Lieberman, A., "Emerging Perspectives in Parkinson’s Disease." Neurology. April 1992. suppl 4.. Pp. 5-7. Rowland, L. P., ed. Merritt’s Textbook of Neurology. 7th ed. Lea and Febiger. Philadelphia: 1984. Walton, Sir John. Brain’s Diseases of the Nervous System. 9th ed. Oxford University Press. Oxford: 1985.

Characters in Dr.Faustus

Faustus – The protagonist. Faustus is a brilliant sixteenth-century scholar from Wittenberg, Germany, whose ambition for knowledge, wealth, and worldly might makes him willing to pay the ultimate price—his soul—to Lucifer in exchange for supernatural powers. Faustus’s initial tragic grandeur is diminished by the fact that he never seems completely sure of the decision to forfeit his soul and constantly wavers about whether or not to repent. His ambition is admirable and initially awesome, yet he ultimately lacks a certain inner strength. He is unable to embrace his dark path wholeheartedly but is also unwilling to admit his mistake.Mephostophilis From the Hebrew, mephitz, destroyer, and tophel, liar. A devil of craft and cunning. He is the devil who comes at Faustus' summoning, and the devil who serves Faustus for 24 years. In lore, Mephostophilis (also spelled Mephistopheles, or Miphostophiles, and also called Mephisto) seems to be a relative latecomer in the recognized hierarchy of demons. He possibly was created for the Faustus legend. In Marlowe's play, Mephostophilis has layers to his personality. He admits that separation from God is anguish, and is capable of fear and pain. But he is gleefully evil, participating at every level in Faustus' destruction.Not only does Mephostophilis get Faustus to sell his soul; he also encourages Faustus to waste his twenty-four years of power. Wagner Servant to Faustus. He steals Faustus' books and learns how to summon demons. At the end of the play, he seems concerned about his master's fate. Good Angel and Evil Angel Personifications of Faustus' inner turmoil, who give differing advice to him at key points. Their characters also reflect Christian belief that humans are assigned guardian angels, and that devils can influence human thoughts. Valdes Friend to Faustus, who teaches him the dark arts.He appears only in Act One. Cornelius Friend to Faustus, who teaches him the dark arts. He appears only in Act One. Lucifer Satan. â€Å"Lucifer† original meant Venus, referring to the planet's brilliance. In Christian lore, Lucifer is sometimes thought to be another name of Satan. Some traditions say that Lucifer was Satan's name before the fall, while the Fathers of the Catholic Church held that Lucifer was not Satan's proper name but a word showing the brilliance and beauty of his station before the fall. He appears at a few choice moments in Doctor Faustus, and Marlowe uses â€Å"Lucifer† as Satan's proper name.Belzebub One of Lucifer's officers. A powerful demon. The Seven Deadly Sins Personifications of the Seven Deadly Sins, not acts but impulses or motivations that lead men to sinful actions. They array themselves in a pageant before Faustus, although scholars think now that this section was not written by Marlowe. Clown / Robin Robin learns demon summoning by stealing one of Faustus' books. He is the chief character in a number of scenes that provide comic relief from the main story. Dick A friend of Robin's. He is one of the characters peopling the few comic relief scenes. RafeA horse ostler, or groomer, and friend to Robin. With the Clown, he summons Mephostophilis, who is none too pleased to be called. Vintner A wine merchant or a wine maker. This Vintner chases down Robin and Rafe after they steal a silver goblet from him. Carter A man who meets Faustus while carting hay to town. Faustus swindles him. Horse-Courser A man who buys Faustus' horse. Faustus swindles him. Hostess An ale wench. She treats Robin and his friends kindly. The Pope Yeah, that Pope. In a move that would have pleases his Protestant audience, Marlowe depicts him as cruel, power-mad, and far from holy.Faustus plays some cheap tricks on him. Bruno A man who would be Pope, selected by the German emperor and representing the conflicts between Church and state authority. Raymond King of Hungary. He serves the Pope. Charles The German Emperor. Faustus performs at his court. Martino Knight in the court of the German Emperor. Friend to Benvolio and Frederick. When Benvolio seeks revenge against Faustus, Martino decides to help out of loyalty. Frederick Knight in the court of the German Emperor. Friend to Martino and Benvolio. When Benvolio seeks revenge against Faustus, Frederick decides to help out of loyalty.Benvolio Knight in the court of the German Emperor. Friend to Martino and Frederick. When Faustus humiliates him, he seeks revenge. Saxony A man attending at the court of the German Emperor. Duke of Vanholt A nobleman. Faustus performs illusions at his court. Duchess of Vanholt A noblewoman. Faustus fetches her grapes in January. Spirits in the shapes of Alexander the Great, Darius, Paramour, and Helen Faustus' illusions. An Old Man A holy old man. He tries to save Faustus by getting him to repent, and for his good deed, Faustus initially thanks him. But later, Faustus sends devils to harm the Old Man.

Defining Team Members’ Roles

What be squad peniss intentions? why ar they necessary to the group? later defining each several(prenominal)bodys role on a squad, what atomic number 18 their responsibilities? Can a squad consider dual roles and responsibilities? Does your temperament feature to ascertain your role on the squad? What be the benefits and advantages in operative at heart a team? These ar every(prenominal) questions that are not clearly defined in the beginning. This causing the boilers suit background of the throw off to be difficult, lack of communication amid team fragments and team members often to ca-ca conflict.As members are placed, the first assess is to determine the overall mission of the team. severally member should feel comfort qualified to articulate his/her strategies for the overall purpose. Members mustiness have peer say on the scope and considerateness of their ideas toward the success of the project. subsequently defining the overall objectives, t he team must decide on the implementation of shared responsibilities.Shared responsibilities of the team would include scheduling project collision terms, determining when to meet, how often to meet, where to meet, who go away be responsible for scheduling meeting request(s), who will be responsible for preparing and sending break agendas routinely, who will be responsible for victorious and publishing minutes, and status updates for in-between the schedule meetings. The team could also cerebrate on document review deadlines and approvals for the project. There are various roles a team must outline inside of a team for the success in completing a project.According to the required reading this week, on that point can be several role descriptions for a team, they are as follows groom one who tries to create harmony by creating a positive atmosphere, motivate everyone else on the team and building a gravid rapport Champion one who brings ideas and thoughts to the team. This person often bring out the priorities and focus of the team Explorer one who uncovers improve ways of doing things an improvement. Innovator one who uses their caprice to dream up new concepts sculptor one who brings things about to disembowel to the closing of the team.Curator one who brings clarity, ask questions to get a full understanding of what the goals and scope of the team project. Conductor one who organizes things into a systematic structure Scientist one who analyize and pass explanation of the teams goals or projects. Usually a team member may already actualize some of these roles defined above, but may perform more of one role verses another. Members may also have what is cognize forthwith as a dual role. A dual role means pickings on two roles at the analogous time.Based on the roles defined above, the baby buggy and champion can be the said(prenominal) individuals based upon the coachs biography experience most likely can to his role as a team pla yer or champion. For example existence a champion and having a exasperation for what you love, after your career in a finicky team setting is over, you are wanting to go forward and train others what you know. This would go into the coaching aspect of the role. In every champion there is a in store(predicate) coach, and in every future coach there is a champion.After determining the roles that exist for each team member, the team must decide which members genius matches a limited role. If you take an individuals personality that is warmhearted, conscientious, and cooperative want harmony in their environment, work with determination to establish it bid to work with others to complete tasks accurately and on time Loyal, follow through counterbalance in small matters Notice what others assume in their day-by-day lives and try to provide it indispensability to be appreciated for who they are and for what they contribute. Myers Briggs). This personality type would be a grand coach. Once the roles and responsibilities of each team have been defined, there are several advantages and disadvantages for working(a) on a team. Some of the advantages would be cross-training, greater cooperation and new approaches to a particular task maybe discovered. Some of the disadvantages for working on team would be time management issues, members may think it is little motivating or may not be conducive with various roles within a team.Since I am a team draw in the aim of Eastern Stars, there are galore(postnominal) members under my leadership. These members entrust my judgment, integrity, fairness, and knowledge. My primary duties are to protect the interest of each team member and the overall chapter. The advantages for my position is to see and aid each member, help the overall community and being a brawny driving force for humanity. Some of the disadvantages as being viewed as a leader comes with a heavy burden.Being known as the fixer, taking on all individu als pumultuous issues and trying to come up with the topper solution regarding the problem at hand. The superior burden would not be able to separate other peoples issues and problems as my own. References Myers, Isabel Briggs with Peter B. Myers (1980, 1995). Gifts Differing Understanding nature Type. Mountain View, CA Davies-Black Publishing. ISBN 0-89106-074-X.

Nordstrom: a Marketing Analysis Essay

e very posture the stratums Nordstrom has defy a shitd private blueprinte sections that centre on the individual conductstyles of the guests. The confederacy nor alto consumeher when appropriates its guests with a wardrobe, be locations same(p)wise a multitudinous trend of accessories, cosmetics, and fragrance. Over the prehistorical fewer years, the community has added refreshful brands to its overlap line to satisfy its client inescapably. In st ripen to afford the trounce possible answer to the node, the social club plans on continuing to update the crossroad line as sassy client desires evolve. The employees atomic number 18 extremely concentrate on creating an environ custodyt of client run into deep worst the live variantho drill as headspring.The employees atomic number 18 non only concentrate on meeting the conjunction standards, they argon in addition foc hired on r distributivelying the standards they nurse settle at so und their ingest de dismantle manpowert as well. apiece employee is cur tinctd by the breed private instructors to delineate trus cardinalrthy decisions and fight beat the guild well. This trust has built assumption in the employee and encap fitteds them to focus to to apiece superstar star of the naught toward the node. The atm of the coldm animal as well shows render of the political party c atomic number 18. The throw in is lucky to aviate d un rack up satisfactory, peculiar(prenominal) soo amour colourise be well situated d one go forth the repositing, and on that point is al musical modes a piano that weed be heard compete in the fannyground.These leash things puddle a soothing and comfortable melody for the guest. Nordstroms boot of providing customer attend, choice, survival and value to its customers is carried come to the fore in either aspect of the family. The attach to employees, store standard atmosphere, and output line either display extraordinary qualities of do. The Mission narrative of Nordstrom is un interrogative moodably evident in its sidereal xx- four-spot hours to mean solar day operations. Situation Analysis (SWOT Analysis) infixed Strengths and Weaknesses Hi explanation (Sales, Profits, compositional Philosophies) Nordstrom was co inst whollyed 1901 by a 30 year gaga man call ind can buoy W Nordstrom and his furnish Carl W eitherin.At age 16, John W of Sweden left his berth and moved to Al directa where he struck gold. turn in Al extremitya, he met a man named Carl W only(a)in, who suffered a gar custodyt re two both(prenominal) unwrap in passeltown Seattle (Nordstrom Employee, 2006). The devil clear-cut ske permiton a partnership and open a shoe store en entitle W tout ensemblein & Nordstrom. amend form the start, the subscriber line doctrine was base on special customer cash in ones chipss, plectrum, whole step and value (Nordstrom Employe e, 2006). Focusing on this philosophical system functi unmatchab direct Nordstrom develop a matched advantage in the shoe trade. Due to their triumph, the night club opened a smart store in 1923.The companion was presently prep arn over by John Ws sons. Under their steering it grew to exit the largest independent shoe chain in the linked States. By the 1960s the menstruation foodstuff location had started to collapse maturity and the fraternity began to require for brisk ways to scattering its wings (Nordstrom Employee, 2006). In an campaign to broaden itself-importance, and gain bang-uper securities industry penetration, Nordstrom took on a bleak name, Nordstrom Best, and ventured into the uniform market. Now, upon entering a Nordstrom store, customers were greeted with a selection of two garb and fine prune (Nordstrom Employee, 2006).Now for the beginning m in history, Nordstrom rack upered a diverse reaping mingle, something no an separat e(prenominal) contender offer uped. In 1971, down the stairs the trine generation of management, the go with decided to go habitual. Two years subsequent Nordstrom reached a critical point in its business, surpassing $100 million in exchanges, reservation it the largest volume specialty store on the west coast. Profits were suppurateing, market sh atomic number 18 was increasing, and Nordstroms marketing plan seemed to be functional. however though Nordstrom was experiencing unspeakable success, the management was non satisfied. at that set was lighten agency to grow.In battle array for Nordstrom to give its competitive advantage, the friendship collected to rewrite its marketing strategy and further its market penetration. The partnership decided to take action. By 1975 the fellowship penetrated into the markets of Alaska and California and by the former(a) 80s, the comp some(prenominal)(prenominal) opened up the first Nordstrom Rack in the nerve 70s. This store was a head board center for full-line store merchandise (Nordstrom Employee, 2006). The higher(prenominal)(prenominal) expenditures in the regular store fair gameed the speeding berth segment of society, fleck the Rack enabled Nordstrom to bespeak itself to a tot every(prenominal)y vernal crowd.Today, to a capitaler extent(prenominal) than 100 years aft(prenominal) its establishment, Nordstrom briny(prenominal)tains the afore verbalize(prenominal) focus of offering the customer the trump possible assistance of process, selection, pure tone, and value (Nordstrom Employee, 2006). This is evident in the overlap line and store ambience. Nordstrom has readyd a unique store atmosphere intentional to elevate the obtain start out of the customer. instead of categorizing discussion sections by merchandise, Nordstrom has created agency discussion sections that fit individuals lifestyles (Nordstrom Employee, 2006).Focus on sh ar the market (or custome rs postulate and wants) has sustained Nordstrom grow from a olive-sized shoe store in Seattle into a nationwide fashion specialty chain (Nordstrom Employee, 2006). character of Firm/Current Situation excursus from Nordstroms customer servicing, wholeness of its or so(prenominal) influential qualities is the store atmosphere. Immediately later on heading into a Nordstrom, one experiences a sense of calmness that is non go with when walking into an separate(prenominal) segment stores. At Nordstrom, c arful oversight has been given to achieving an esthetically pleasing atmosphere, a Nordstrom customer commented (Bee H, 2006).Nordstrom has hurl a deal of question into testing diametric layout scenarios indoors each store. each snip the layout of a segment changes, a diagram is made and a record of gross barters is kept for that layout. From this info, Nordstrom has been able to develop the most economical and useful layout for the customer and the organi zation. The Nordstrom colors ar to a fault cargonfully selected. Deep earthy colors present customers with a comfortable and preferred atmosphere. Deep red, brown (wooden ditchs), blue, purple and squirt be used to color the store.Every color is strategically placed throughout the store to resurrect the obtain experience. Nordstrom has put a hole of research into person-to-personised effects that color has on the human psyche. For eccentric red is chosen be crap it produces feelings of energy, desire, and attention (Bear , 2006). purplish is early(a)wise color that is placed in unadorned locations throughout the store. It brings nigh feelings of self assurance, dignity, high aspirations, royalty, sophistication, wealth, ambition, fame, luxury, and power. These both colors atomic number 18 used to promote confidence and feelings of bliss indoors the customers as they tell on.During gross gross revenue, employees ar too given a tie to establish into which almost always includes the color purple. royal is as well frame near the to a greater extent than than than dear(predicate) items in the store. The color system of rules of rules is critical in creating a store atmosphere that is desirable to customers. Aside from the colors, the incr salve layout too plays an essential aim in providing a level-tempered atmosphere. Nordstrom has separated its ingatherings into different discussion sections for men and women. This sustains provide better service as each section bath cater to the peculiar(prenominal) needs and wants of the customer. inside each surgical incision the attire atomic number 18 either laid out on hanging racks or on tables.Organization is the primary focus when oscilloscope up the plane sections. Clothes be always neatly folded and robes racks atomic number 18 well separated. A general rule of thumb is that if two battalion bum non walk side by side between two fixtures, they atomic number 18 too air slight together. To produce an plane cleaner regard, jackets and heavier wearing app arl argon always hung on wooden hangers instead of plastic. The most famous portion to the atmosphere of Nordstrom is the Piano. Nordstrom has created a partnership with Levine tutor of Music where it hand selects students to work for the company upon graduation.The partnership is working the dude playing the piano safe adds to the calm shop atmosphere commented one man after a day a day of obtain (Bee H, 2006). To provide heretofore more than unleashation, comfortable couches atomic number 18 nor center fieldy demonstrate somewhere some the piano for weary shoppers to sit down and for men to wait while their wives shop. Andrew Cooper, a computer creation major at North honey oil University in Chicago said these couches ar a great place for me to relax while my wife spends all my bullion. Resources of the Firm Finance Nordstrom uses a verity of resources to help at tract new customers and save its actual customer base.By far, one of its oversizedgest resources is in the ara of finance. Nordstrom new-fangledly describe third- sop up deriveings of $135. 7 million (Portland transaction Journal , 2006). These earnings jumped un prognosticateedly and argon up from $107. 5 million in the beginning this year. The financial resources of Nordstrom argon an essential part of the companies marketing plan. This money has given Nordstrom the expertness to put on pricy planning programs for employees, barter for in-person appropriate (a customer database program), send out bulk mailings to customers ( a great deal(prenominal) as catalogs, advances, etc. , build new stores, and create a customer friendly in-store atmosphere. mankind Nordstroms employees and management ar the companys most worthy resource. An word written in the Seattle PI describes scarce wherefore this is true. It states that, Nordstrom gross gross salespeople ma ke decisions as if managing their own business they ar trusted to do what is righteousness. Everyone else in the company is in that obedience to help the sales staff make the sale and pl backup the customer (Mulady, 2001). The way the employees be treated and valued is a unadulterated portrayal of the companys billing of providing the best possible customer service and value to the customer.Even though the sales person is the front man for the company (being put in positions of direct meet with the customer), the human resource and management squad act as the glue that holds the company together. The president of the company, Blake Nordstrom, says that people in back off positions like myself or individual in human resources that isnt on the floor manning a register, needs to chthonianstand that their telephone circuit is to use the energy and the activities theyre doing (to) devote to a better customer and employee experience (HR Magazine, 2006).It is therefore extr emely grave that the workers in the HR division stay affiliated to the interchange process in piece to stay connected with the employees. It is this connection that helps the employees take billing of their customers. It is non unusual for employees to go in on their old age off to meet a customer that is in need of a new reconcile or pit of office. The manager of the mens suit department at the Tacoma Nordstrom traces in regularly on his old age off. In an interview he commented that if a customer is in need I testament dislodge them the suit, get it neutered for them so they washbasin piss got it in date (Mulady, 2001).The sales employees suck a tremendous amount of trust in the trending shop. One employee comments We rely to a great extent on the tailoring shop they be great (Mulady, 2001). In one situation, a baseball player needed a special apparel for a league that Nordstrom did non flummox. To solve this problem, the sales person took a few shirts up to the tailor shop and used the material to make a brand new shirt. The shirt was then delivered to the players hotel path that afternoon. The employees of Nordstrom are what relieve the company going. The trust built between employees is critical in helping Nordstrom provide the clarified service it does.Without trust and support of all the companys workers, Nordstrom would be moreover an some another(prenominal)wise company. Physical Currently Nordstrom operates 156 US stores located in 26 states (Nordstrom Staff, 2002). Of these stores, there are 99 full line retail, 49 Nordstrom Racks, 5 Faconnable boutiques, 1 free stand shoe store, and 2 dynamic headroom stores. Even with all of these stores, the company is non satisfied, and is seeking to expand its material existence even further. Nordstrom is currently in the process of establishing a store in Kenwood, Cincinnati.When interviewed closely this decision, president, Erik Nordstrom, exclaimed there is put away muc h more prospect to increase our presence around the nation where our customers live and shop (Fasiq, 2006). Nordstrom has to a fault deep-seated stores internationally where it operates 35 Faconnable boutiques, primarily in Europe. Customers of Nordstrom piece of ass even enjoy a unique shopping experience without setting foot in the store. The company has create a unique online and mail order catalog designed to reach those customers who are inte quelled in its harvest-feasts, but albuminthorn not wipe out the time or desire to light into the animal(prenominal) store.These resources are extremely outstanding to the company. The two specialise apart stores (online and physical), reach two diverse crowds. The physical stores provide a tangible place that customers stop relate to all crossways the country, while the online stores take advantage of the stores reputation. They reach customers who have heard grievous things rough the store but do not like to shop. Polic ies and Objectives of firm Nordstrom has naturalised some different policies designed to confine employees on undercut with its mission. The use of good discernment is the number one guiding tenet for the employees of Nordstrom.The first page of the employee Code of contrast Conduct and Ethics states at Nordstrom, we expect you to use good judgment when it comes to pickings care of our customers. But we dont expect you to do it without help from us (Nordstrom Management, 2006). This policy lets the sales people admit that the management stands behind them at all times. Aside from the standard company policies reguarding intimate harassment, stealing, drugs or alcohol, and preventing theft the company in addition has some policies that make it unique. Employees are not allowed to accept affords from anyone with whom they do business.This policy was in restraineded to impact Nordstroms reputation of acting fair, honest, and master. pass judgment a gift privy create the i nkling that the gift inappropriately influenced the business transaction. The code of Ethics as well as tells employees that the company expects its employees to use private accommodate (a database that includes customers information much(prenominal) as purchases, sizes, etc. ) on a daily basis. This policy was designed to help the company keep their reputation for excellent run through and service (Nordstrom Management, 2006).However, since this in individualisedized information, the company states that, face-to-faceised parole and its contents are confidential and should be used in accordance with the Confidentiality and Nondisclo true Expectation (Nordstrom Management, 2006). When an employee ends his/her career with Nordstrom, their private book is closed off to them and re dark to Nordstrom. alone of these policies help keep Nordstrom on spark advance with its mission. Almost all of the sections in the vade mecum for employees end with a line about using good jud gment.This shows that Nordstrom has confidence in their employees. Nordstrom truly believes that if the employees use good judgment, the customers allow for get the best possible service the company put forward offer. On the reversal end of the spectrum, Nordstrom provides legion(predicate) clears to its employees. The company provides time off with pay for personal and family needs. It in any case provides paid time for observed holidays. to each one employee is in any case provided with a twenty percentage discount at all Nordstrom locations. Nordstrom employees in addition have legion(predicate) another(prenominal) an(prenominal) long enclosure benefits usable to them.These Benefits include a 401(k) and chase aways sharing plan, where an employee stool divert 50 percent of his/her compensation on a pretax basis, and an Employee stock Purchase Plan where the employee can purchase stock at a 10 percent discount. Full medical/vision and dental coverage are overly provided by the company. Basic ill-judged landmark and long term impairment coverage, as well as radical life insurance and long term care are excessively include in the standard benefit package. These benefits help the employee take care meaning in their work and promote a positive attitude throughout the organization.A complete rock of all the benefits provided by Nordstrom can be gear up on page in the back of this report. External Opportunities and Threats tender Social factors play a big role in what the way the company operates. For example, in Belleview Nordstrom offers a more upscale convergence line such(prenominal) as Gucci and other top(prenominal) echelon brand names. This deflexion in product lines is evident in the Nordstrom in Tacoma as well. The Tacoma store is located in an area surrounded by many different social shapees. Because of this, the store carries a more neutral line of products such as Calvin Cline, Cole Hann, Polo, Northface, and Tommy Bah ama.These brands are brands that all of the organize market of Nordstrom considers being very nice. To reach the outer limits of the Tacoma population, the store excessively sells products ranging form Coach and Burberry (reaching the wealthier population), to the Nordstrom brand (reaching the little stiff consumer). Nordstrom is also a company that inviolately believes in revolution. On its webpage under the diversity section it says One of the best ways we can provide excellent customer service is by working to reflect the communities we serve (Diversity Affairs Team, 2006).The company believes that an atmosphere encouraging diversity helps the employees as well as the customer. It is deeply connected to cultivating an environment where the contributions of every employee, customer and trafficker are respected (Diversity Affairs Team, 2006). Creating a diverse company is an important footprint that Nordstrom has taken to broaden its customer service. demographics Demograp hic issues are a big an important issue at Nordstrom. This is shown not only in the mission of the company, but in the physical store itself.Now days a majority of women in the United States enter the workforce after college. Nordstrom has created distinct departments to reach these women. In these sections of the store, women can let suits, and other more expensive curry habit that Nordstrom would have not carried 20 years ago. The American family has also changed dramatically in the yesteryear decade. Because of this Nordstrom has changed its focus toward the individual. go years ago, it would not be a common sight to see moms shopping with their children, or dads waiting on the couch by the moving staircase with their children.Now days, it is almost unheard of to see families walking around the store. Teenagers, women, and men all come alone or with their momentous other. The every store use to give balloons to children, employees all over the store would s chair and talk with them and a lot of the mannequins were placed together (a man with a woman, or a child). Now the mannequins are all placed individually around the store, and it is elevated nice to see a kid, let alone a kid with a balloon. In order to retain market share Nordstrom has shifted its focus more toward the individual.It has downsized its jejuneness departments and added more upscale departments. Competition Nordstrom is traffics with competition on many different levels. It is competing with higher end stores such as Saks fifth Avenue, Neiman Marcus, and Barneys. It is also competing with second storey stores such as Macys and Bloomingdales. Because of the diverse competition, Nordstrom constantly stays one quantity up with its unprecedented customer service. Saks Fifth Avenue Saks Fifth Avenue can be categorize as a mini version of Nordstrom. It has similar products, but rear ends a smaller market and carries less ad mixtureture.To make it unique, Saks focuses on other products such as bridal (Nordstrom comparative degree analysis). In comparison to Nordstrom, Saks is slightly more expensive and is well known for its much higher brand names (Nordstrom Comparative analysis). at that place is also a difference of opinion in the store layout at Saks. Unlike Nordstrom, which it is categorized by department and where popular voguish goods are on the main floor, Saks freighter floor consists of shoes, make up and puerile garments, and the upper floors are bridal and much higher hurtd brands and products (Nordstrom comparative analysis).However, the major difference between the two companies is not in the layout of the store, the products offered, or the price of the goods. The major difference is the focus of the company. The mission statement of Saks is completely different from that of Nordstrom. Saks says the focus of their company is to be a great place to shop, a great place to work and a great place to invest (Nordstrom comparative Analysis) . Money is what seems to be the number one marketing objective of Saks. On the other hand Nordstrom focuses on the treatment of the customer.It does not have a formal mission statement but the companys core values can be summed up by the statement through these doors pass the most courteous people in the world. This statement is found at the employee entrance of almost all Nordstrom stores across the country. Bloomingdales Bloomingdales capacity just be one of the most famous stores in the world. Bloomingdales is known for its Big Brown hold which is something that all avid shoppers like to be seen carrying around. The mission of Bloomingdales is to seek and create, which is a statement that is well carried out by the company (Nordstrom comparative analysis).The company has a hand picked product development team that travels to Europe smell for new fashion ideas. If they do not stick what they are look for they create it. The extreme focus on product development and diversity has made the company famous for having a tremendous product mix. However, some stores instead cluttered. The Layout seems to have no ordinate and Bloomingdales pricing clenchs form being competitive with Foleys to stores far more expensive than Nordstrom. On the other hand, Nordstrom has a cerebrate store with individual departments and consistent prices.Its does not have as much variety in its stores, but it can special order and create any product that a customer desires. This creates more ecstasy for the customer because they can easily find what they are looking for. Bloomingdales web identify also reflects its store atmosphere. It is a full line of goods which overwhelms the customer. The web locate lacks structure and is confusing to sift through. Nordstroms website also reflects its in store characteristics. The site is user friendly and unprovoked to fly through. Macys Macys seems to have a similar strategy as Bloomies (Bloomingdales).The company is all about sell t heir name, not their service, unlike Nordstrom. Macys also focuses on having a tremendous product width as well as depth. This focus like Bloomies has also led the store to look cluttered. well-nigh customers even suggest that Macys looks more like discount store every year rather than a department store (Nordstrom comparison analysis). This is once again where Nordstrom gains a competitive advantage. It offers a smaller product mix in stores to help keep the customer from getting confused and overwhelmed.Macys offers a larger selection of office products than Nordstrom. It has a separate department for sign furnishings. This department is so large that many times it is located in its own building near to Macys. However, Macys has a good selection of home products in its retail stores as well. Again, it is the focus of Macys that sets them apart from Nordstrom. The specialization of household products and cheaper prices keep Macys competitive in the market. However, Nordstroms focus on the customer and the employee gives them the competitive advantage in the industry.Technological In the 1900s the information systems of Nordstrom lagged behind many retail merchants, such as JC Penny, Federated part Stores, Dillards, and Belk. (Levinson, 2005) The chief financial officer of Nordstrom commented on the lagging information systems, saying, our people at one time were our information system (Levinson, 2005). During this time the company was reluctant to consider IT for fear that it would come between the store and its customers (Levinson, 2005). A sales slump in the year 2000 was enough to convince Nordstrom that it was behind the times.The threat of other companies gaining a heavy advantage with new technology was too much to handle. expression at the other models around them, Nordstrom became an untimely adopter and began vitiateing IT technology. Over the past four years, Nordstrom has spent a total of $350 million on IT products and has found that tec hnology has improved, not degraded, the customer service in which it takes such pride (Levinson, 2005). Nordstrom has interconnected two major systems into the company within the last louvre years.The systems are personal book and a new muniment system at the cash registers. These two systems have helped bring Nordstroms customer service to a new level. individualised Book own(prenominal) book is new computer software designed to help companies keep track of customer information. It can track what the customer bought, their size, how much he/she spent, who sold them what, their birthday and other valuable information that sales people need to enhance sales. This is a valuable peter because the sales people can create a more personal kindred with the customer.One former employee quotes the personal book was a very useful beam and instilled in me the importance of building and maintaining customer traffichips (Palma, 2006). This quote describes exactly what puts Nordstrom in a clear of its own. Adding a personal tinct is the difference between good and great companies. The implementation of personal book has dramatically increased sales at Nordstrom. aft(prenominal) its introduction in 2005, Nordstroms first quarter sales increased 7. 7 percent to $1. 7 zillion, compared with $1. 5 billion in the first quarter of the former year. Levinson, 2005) Total sales for the second quarter also rose 7. 8 percent. CFO of Nordstrom Michael Koppel report that approximately a third of all sales are a result of interactions between sales associates and customers facilitated with personal book (Levinson, 2005). Nordstrom analysts also have reported that 68 percent of the business from the top sales people is generated from personal book customers. More information about personal book can be found on page . Inventory corpse The new entry system has turn out to be a tremendous home run (Levinson, 2005).The new system is ground around an electronic stock manage ment system and an automatic replenishment function. ahead this new system was installed in 2003, archive was counted by hand. This old system was definitely not the most stainless way to manage inventory, and surely wasnt very energetic, commented Peter Nordstrom during a conference call. This created a problem for the company. The distribution departments could not tell how much inventory was needed in each store, which resulted in a lot more discounts than the company should have had.This privation of money led Nordstrom to purchase an inventory management system. The new inventory system was an electronic system which took a lot of the work load off of the Nordstrom staff. It helped the company mark the demand for each product by using historical sales and fashion trends. Now it could allocate the puritanical amount and emblem of merchandise to each store. It also kept track of in store inventory. Every time a product was rung up at the register or returned to the store , the in store inventory went up or down accordingly.This helped the distribution department immensely. They could now replenish the inventory of each store when it was genuinely needed. This also helped the sales dramatically increase customer service. When a customer treasured to purchase a product, a sales person could look it up on the computer to see how many were in the store, and how many were ready(prenominal) at other locations. The results of this new system worked wonders for Nordstrom. Koppel stated that the inventory in 2003 (they year the system was integrated), went down $15 million or 1. 6 percent (Levinson, 2005).Likewise, inventory continued to go down in 2004, decreasing by 5. 3 percent. Inventory was also turned 10 percent more in 2004. This increase showed the company there was still a lot of room to grow in their current market and that other department stores had good reason to swap to this way of inventory. trade Strategy hind end Market In each Nordstr om store there is the potential for one consumer to act as upwards of 30 different departments. For womens clothing alone, there are 14 clothing options ranging from teenage apparel, to elegant ballroom attire.The multiple departments within the Nordstrom store cause the fair game market for a case-by-case Nordstrom store to range across a broad spectrum of potential perverters. man each of the mug markets differs substantially depending on the department, the members of each of these markets do have a main connecting character. Each customer, no matter the department in which they are shopping, is looking for a fictional character product that they know bequeath be guaranteed by Nordstrom for a lifetime. Each consumer knows that while the products offered may not be the cheapest, they are fiber made products that come with an implied warranty by Nordstrom.Nordstrom does not have a return policy, which exit be addressed later in the paper, to underwrite that consumers c an return any product at anytime, for any reason. Consumers are also looking for a product that is not only well made, but that is usually contemporary in similarity to current fashion trends. This makes Nordstroms overall object market homogeneous in respect to the demographic and psychographic segments. A persons income and lifestyle can be the decision making factor of whether they can afford to shop at Nordstrom or not, or whether the products that Nordstrom offers are even of interest.For the sake of space, this paper volition look at the target markets of three particularized departments within Nordstrom that embody a large number of Nordstroms trade Brass plumb for juniors, bit of chance for women, and Mens Sportswear. Brass Plum (B. P. ) is Nordstroms only juniors department, targeting tender women, ages 16-22 in the middle or upper class. B. P. offers the latest fashion trends for the jr. women at a price that is more reasonable than high-end boutiques and depart ment stores. charm that price is more reasonable than some places, it still is not as cheap as some other department stores, which is why the target market is the middle and upper class. Those other department stores however, do not insure their products as well as Nordstroms does, nor is the theatrical role of product similar either. Lastly, the reason for the target of the middle and upper class is because fashion trends do not usually last for more than a season. roughly people of a demean class cannot afford to buy new, trendy habiliments every season to match what is popular, which is the only type of clothing that B. P. offers. stop consonant of check has a target market of women in their twenties to early fifties. The age is not all the way defined because more specifically, picture of View has a target market of the working professional woman. plot of ground some clothes within Point of View are casual, they still assert a classy and refined look suitable for a d ress down day at the office. Most of the selection within Point of View however, is professional attire for the working, middle to upper class woman. The clothes are priced comparable to other high-end department stores, but are okay with the quality guarantee Nordstrom provides all of its products.The one major difference between the selection in Point of View, and other high-end department stores, is that Point of View tries to offer a selection of business wear for the jr. working woman that has a trendier edge. This helps to get down the twenty-something market that is usually skipped over in other department stores. It allows young women to look professional, while still looking their age. While carrying this younger professional attire, Point of View still carries the classic suits and shirts that appeal to the more conservative billhookinal to fifty year old professional women.The last department is the Mens Sportswear department, which like Point of View, targets men in their twenties to early fifties. The word activewear might evoke thoughts of soccer or football to some, but in this department activewear are the clothes faded by the middle to upper class while they sail, golf, or simply lounge around at their beach house. This department is think for the professional male, who in his daily life mustiness dress in professional attire and would like that to translate into his causative wear as well. This casual wear consists of clothes that portray an image of success and prosperity without a suit and tie.The target market is middle to upper class within this department because of the intended uses of the clothes that are sold. Many of the clothes are intended for sailing and golf, leisure time activities that the middle and lower class might not be able to afford. The size of the mens sportswear department is small in relation to some of the womens departments, but this can be attributed to mens desire for consistency and ease when shopping . The prices within the mens sportswear department are comparable to other high-end department stores, but once again the clothes are backed by the Nordstrom guarantee of quality.While each of the departments have a target market that separates itself from the rest of the store, it can be seen that within all of the heterogeneous factors there are three homogeneous factors that can be found. First, in all departments, the consumer is looking for a quality product that go forth suit their clothing needs. Second, no matter what their clothing needs, the consumer is looking for clothes that portray a specific image of their choosing, such as an established professional or a young trendsetter.Lastly, throughout all of the clothes offered at Nordstrom each consumer is expecting the Nordstrom, guarantee of quality that go throughs the consumers gaiety with the product no matter the circumstances. Marketing Mix Nordstrom seeks to gain the retention of the priorly stated target marke ts through the use of coordinated marketing activities. These include the use of product, place, price, and promotion inside and removed of the store. These four aspects embody the marketing mix, and their objectives and roles are clearly specified through different offerings and outlets. outputThe products that are offered within a undivided Nordstrom store compliment each other very well. On one shopping trip a family is able to buy clothes and accessories for everyone. Women are able to complete an outfit from Point of View by getting the perfect pair of shoes from the Womens Shoes department, accessorize the outfit in fine jewelry, accessorizes and handbags, and can shop her favorite(a) piece of music line in the makeup department, all in one trip. These products are enhanced by a coterie of factors including their warranty, return policy, customer service, and the internal industrial plant of any Nordstrom.Each transaction within Nordstrom comes with an implied warranty of the goods purchased by the consumer. If the consumer is unhappy with the product at anytime, even after the tags are removed, the product has been worn, or the receipt has been lost, the consumer is more than welcome to return the product back to the store for a full retrovert or exchange no questions asked. This return policy is exemplified through the mythical story that circulates throughout Nordstrom stores and their competitors outlets. It has been said that a woman tried to return a set of snow tires that she claimed she bought at her nearby Nordstrom store.When the employee was unsure of what procedure to conjoin since Nordstrom did not sell tires, the employee contacted the store manager. The manager told the employee to take back the tires and offer a full refund of the standard price for snow tires to the woman. So while it is translucent that Nordstrom might not appreciate consumers travel goods from other stores, they are consecrate to customer service and their guarantee of quality. Nordstrom wants to carry quality items that consumers allow for love, and if the consumers decide they do not, they are able to return them at anytime.This allows Nordstrom to have an absent return policy to ensure that a return is bound by no limits. Aside from offering their products for free, customer triumph within a Nordstrom cannot be better guaranteed in any other way. By knowing that every purchase is basically guaranteed for life, a consumers satisfaction is not bound by any measures on behalf of Nordstrom. Along with such a liberal return policy, Nordstrom offers a range of other comforts for consumers to enjoy and enhance the value of the product to the customer.For instance, with anything that you purchase from Nordstrom you can have it neutered for free. Upon trying the clothes on, a person from the alteration department provide come to your fitting room and measure your clothes according to your needs. The altered clothes are usually operab le within a weeks time. Also, in the lingerie department, women can get down a free and accurate bra fitting. Unlike other popular lingerie stores, employees within the lingerie department must attend class and earn the right to do bra fittings. This ensures each consumer an accurate fitting.In the shoe department, if a pair of leather shoes is too skintight on a consumers foot, the Nordstrom employee will stretch the shoes out at no cost. Also, when trying on clothes there is no limit to how many pieces of clothing a consumer is allowed to take in, and a consumer is never expected to clean out their dressing room when they are finished. either purchase that is made can also be complimentary gift wrapped. While these factors may seem miniscule, it does help consumers disregard shopping time and have a more enjoyable shopping experience.So while the consumer might only be in and out for a white t-shirt, they know that if needed all of these amenities are available for their use, enhancing the value of the product for the consumer. Along with these externally obvious factors of product value to the consumer, there are also internal functions within Nordstrom that ensure that customer service is ideal in any situation. Quality customer service is Nordstroms main competitive advantage against its competitors. Nordstrom has focused itself since 1901 on the basis that superior customer service is the first and foremost important aspect of the company.While other companies have a chain of command when dealing with customer service issues, Nordstrom is void of any such rules. When hired at Nordstrom, the new employee is greeted with an employee folder that includes a welcome packet, employee expectations, rewards, benefit information and information about the specific Nordstrom store the new employee will be working. On the very front of each folder is a 57 panel that states Were glad to have you with our Company. Our number one goal is to provide outstanding cus tomer service. Set both your personal and professional goals high.We have great confidence in your cleverness to achieve them. Nordstrom Rules Rule 1 Use your good judgment in all situations. There will be no surplus rules. Please feel free to ask your department manager, store manager, or class general manager any question at any time. Nordstroms idea is to put the employees in check over of every situation so that the consumer feels a sense of security at all times within the store. While specific instances might dictate manager fight, employees are granted the right to deal with consumer situations establish on their judgment.These words ring shabby within any Nordstrom store because they are printed in the employee entrance and in the backrooms of most departments. Through out the hiring process Nordstrom ensures that customer service is always handled in a way that upholds their reputation. Nordstrom is able to supply a quality product based on the judgment of the consume r, while also providing a trusted and quality environment by empowering the judgment of the employees. Place/Distribution The near factor of the marketing mix is to coordinate the marketing activities for the retention of the target markets through place and distribution.Nordstrom currently has 157 stores located in twenty seven states. These include 99 full-line stores, 50 Nordstrom Rack stores, five Faconnable boutiques, one free-standing shoe store and two clearance stores. Nordstrom also operates 35 international Faconnable boutiques in Europe. Faconnable is a mens clothing line developed by Nordstrom for the more upscale shopper to accommodate their business and leisure clothing needs. Nordstroms popularity is based on the west-coast, primarily because of its central office and flagship store in Seattle, capital of the United States.Mainly, the Nordstrom stores are located in shopping malls which usually provide a intemperately populated central area which demands a portion of their target market. Since Nordstrom is located within a mall, access is relatively easy for consumers. Even if consumers do live some distance away from the faculties, approach shot to the mall is more acceptable because they will not only have the option to ascertain Nordstrom, but will have the aptitude to shop at other stores as well. This justifies their traveling time, which would not happen if Nordstrom had only free-standing stores.While access to Nordstrom facilities is relatively easy on the west coast, there is room for major improvement by Nordstrom on the east coast. In stark naked Hampshire, Maine, southeast Carolina, Vermont, West Virginia and Massachusetts, there is not a single Nordstrom store to date. There are two stores in North Carolina and New York and one store in Pennsylvania, Missouri, Michigan, Connecticut, and Rhode Island. This is compared to the thirty two California stores, nine Washington stores, five Oregon stores and two hullo stores. However , this lack of access to facilities by consumers on the east coast will soon be partially remedied.Nordstrom plans to open twenty five new stores in the succeeding(prenominal) five years. Out of these twenty five stores, it plans on opening four in Massachusetts, two in Michigan and one in Missouri. one time Nordstrom has established a stronger base on the east coast, I believe they will gain an even better reputation and have the ability to fine tune their marketing and customer service strategies. Along in place and distribution is not just the physical outlet that Nordstrom has, but also the atmosphere in each of the outlets. Since we are at the peak of the holiday season, it is a good time to look at the atmosphere within a Nordstrom store.Garland and nonfunctional curtains decorate each entrance into the store. pass music played live in each store on the well known Nordstrom piano echoes through the departments on speakers. A giving tree accompanies the bottom side of each escalator, and on weekends the surpass of the escalators have live carolers. Each department has holiday specials, and pictures with Santa are held every year. This atmosphere helps to evoke the holiday spirit within the consumers, and also provides them with a place to shop that is enjoyable during the busy holiday time.When it is not a holiday season, front windowpane displays are changed bi-weekly, and in store decorations and manikins are changed multiple times each week. Also, a night cleaning crew makes sure that all the carpets, mirrors and dressing rooms are kept in pristine condition. This type of atmosphere allows the consumer to shop at ease without heaps of clothes in a mess, or stained carpets. Instead, they can go to a place where the only thing they notice is the clothes and the quality of the presentation. furtheranceThe next factor of the marketing mix is to coordinate the marketing activities for the retention of the target markets through promotion tactics inclu ding advert, open relations, personal merchandising, and sales promotion. Nordstrom does not use in heavy creationize. TV mercenary spots are few and far between, and only usually take place on major televised events. Instead, Nordstrom does most of its advertising through print. Local newspapers usually contain a full page rotate during Nordstroms half yearly and day of remembrance sales. During the holidays, Nordstrom also has featured spreads as well.These spreads are hung in the employee entrance area so that employees are aware of what consumers are looking for, if they come in and refer specifically to that advertisement. Also, Nordstrom puts out two catalogues per month that premiere a few new items within each department. They also feature gift ideas during the holidays, and include an easy way to order straight from the catalogue. Anyone that has a Nordstrom account will receive this catalogue, along with anyone that registers online Advertising Nordstrom has also e ngaged in some other intense advertising pushs in the past few years.Most of these have been right away related to online advertising. In 1999, Nordstrom started to campaign heavily to gain consumer awareness of their new website, Nordstromshoes. com. Nordstrom claims the site is the worlds biggest shoe store. It is titled Make Room for Shoes. The name was selected to entice users not only to their main website which was linked on the new shoes site, but also to educate users on the broad selection of shoes that Nordstrom offers. In 2005, Nordstrom debuted NordstromSilverscreen. com. The website combined music and pop goal with shopping.Visitors of the site were able to be a DJ and mix up songs preserve by artists specifically for the site. The visitors mixed the song, by mixing up clothes on a corresponding manikin. This allowed visitors to see new fashion trends and learn how to mix and match clothes to find their very own style. Visitors of the site could also shop the site , by clicking on any the clothes worn in the word picture made simply for Nordstrom. Anything that the artist was wearing in the video was available for sale at Nordstom. com. Nordstromsilverscreen. om was one of the first attempts by a retailer to mix shopping and interactive media making Nordstrom an innovator in this new market. While Nordstromscilverscreen. com is no longer available to visit, the put of this new and innovative platform says a lot of Nordstrom. This company is willing to take risks to advertise and capture a new and different consumer, and to evolve and be ahead of other department stores in the advertising industry. Aside from these new websites, Nordstrom. com is still a large, comprehensive site that allows visitors to see everything that Nordstrom has to offer.Visitors are able to search by brand, in-store department, or by age and gender. Along side every choice that the visitor views, is a selection of other clothes that are closely related to the curre nt viewing. Also, if a consumer has provided Nordstrom with their e-mail address, Nordstrom sends out weekly e-mails that highlighting new items, and special discounts. Lastly, the newest advertising campaign that Nordstrom embarked on was for the Nordstrom MOD card. The MOD card is a debit card that is set up through a consumers personal bank and checking account.The MOD card is specific to Nordstrom, and allows Nordstrom to track what is bought and how much consumers spend. This way, consumers can gain points like what is offered with the traditional Nordstroms book of facts card. For every clam that is spent, the consumer earns a point and during promotional events, they can earn twice the points for every dollar spent. Once the consumer reaches a certain level of points, they get a gift certificate in the mail redeemable at any Nordstrom. Nordstrom realized that not everyone wants to hold a credit card at Nordstrom, which led them to the idea of the MOD card.This way, consume rs can buy from Nordstrom using cash, and still receive the points they deserve. Nordstrom has heavily advertised the MOD card and the rewards that a customer gains from having a Nordstrom account. Through these advertising activities, Nordstrom is better able to promote their stores in a positive and controlled manner. Public traffic The next segment of promotion is public relations. Nordstrom is equipped with a public relations representative, who is located at Nordstroms headquarters in downtown Seattle, Washington.Consumers are able to find out about public relation activities on their website under investor relations, or in their annual report. On the Nordstrom website consumers are able to find out about new store openings, upcoming events, stock information, news, and press releases. Nordstrom also relies on customer word of mouth. While other competitor department stores deal with union battles, and declining sales, the quality and outstanding customer service is seldom que stioned by consumers. Consumers know by personal experience and word of mouth that Nordstrom is dedicated to its customers.Nordstrom also engages in public relations activities through the promotion of some of their clothes. Most recently, Nordstrom has taken an active role in the wizard campaign and formed a partnership with the company Edun. Edun is selling a t-shirt with the word ONE across the front. This promotes the idea that if the United States government allocated just one percent of its budget to health, education, and medication for underprivileged countries, the United States could save millions of lives. For every shirt sold Edun contributes ten dollars to the prune Lesotho Alliance to Fight Aids (ALAFA).The ONE shirts are made in Lesotho, Africa. Upon selling the ONE shirt within their stores, Nordstrom donated $100,000 to ALAFA. Nordstrom is also a yearly sponsor in the Race for the Cure, hosted by the Susan G. Komen Breast pubic louse Foundation to raise money fo r pap cancer research and awareness. Nordstrom exclusively hosts the pound up the Bridge to pay back Diabetes marathon in Seattle, Washington. The proceeds benefit the Juvenile Diabetes query Foundation. So far in 2006, the Beat the Bridge marathon donations have brocaded $855,078. 57.Through not only their exceptional reputation, but also through involvement in philanthropic activities Nordstrom is able to enhance their public relations. These positive public relation activities in turn influence consumer recognition and decision making. private Selling The next section of promotion is personal selling. individualized selling is defined as a purchase situation in which two people communicate in an attempt to influence each other (Lamb, et al, 2006). Personal selling is the basis of Nordstroms philosophy and mission statement.Personal selling emphasizes the kindred that is developed between a sales representative and a consumer. Within any department at a Nordstrom store, a consumer will be able to find many employees who are knowledgeable about the products they offer, and who are also eager to help them find whatever it is they are looking for. When a consumer is shopping within a department, a single sales rep will usually help them through the entire purchasing process. If what the consumer is looking for happens to be in a different department, that same salesperson will go to that other department and get whatever it s. The salesperson will find sizes, colors, and styles from other stores if what the consumer is looking for is not available at that specific store. Salespeople also can take payment on Nordstrom credit tease at their payment station, and can hold clothes for the consumer. Salespeople are endow with the ability to manage customer service situations, so if one consumer feels comfortable with a specific salesperson, basically all of their needs can be taken care of through that salesperson. This created a very strong relationship between the salesperson and the consumer.If the consumer knows that when they go to Nordstrom they can count on someone being there that they know and trust, they will be more likely to ask more questions and try on more things. Nordstrom has made personal selling even easier through their new system of Personal Book. Personal Book allows a salesperson to enter in consumer information such as their address, phone number, birthday and recent purchases. During sale times, salespeople are asked to call at least fifty people from their personal book to the consumer know that they are frenzied to see them at the sale.Having this information also enables the salespeople to send out thank you cards which are supposed to be do a daily basis by a salesperson. The thank you cards are mailed out to the consumer, and add a personal finishing touch to the purchase, which also enhances the bond between the consumer and the salesperson. Personal Book also can keep track of what a consumer has bo ught, so when Nordstrom has a big sale, some of the consumers who have purchased the most throughout the year are invited to shop the sale precedent to anyone else, and to preview what is going to be offered.Personal Book also allows for promotional materials to be sent out pertaining to certain events that occur within a department that a consumer frequently shops. All of these benefits from Personal Book enhance the personal selling aspect of promotion. Consumers are not seen as a target market within the store, but are rather seen as individuals with specific needs and wants that are catered to be the Nordstrom employees. Sales Promotion The last office of promotion is sales promotion. Sales promotion is everything else that is not covered by personal selling, advertising, and public relations.Usually sales promotions are a quick tool that promptly increases consumer demand of a product. Nordstrom does not offer a lot of the one day sales, or door buster sales that other depar tment stores offer. Instead, Nordstrom focuses all of their attention on their three major sales per year. These include the half yearly sales, in June and November, and their Anniversary sale in August. These attractions are not just a sale, they are an event. Special promotions, rewards and deals are offered. A kick-rally prior to the doors opening helps to hype up the employees for the coming busy weeks.Consumers line up outside of Nordstroms doors hours prior to opening. They enter a newly decorated store from the previous day, with new displays, merchandise and prices. Nordstrom focuses on these events for the affair of showing the consumer that they do not just want to push inventory in and out of the store. They want to offer quality products that consumers enjoy, and reward consumers for their purchases through major discounts at these sales. Lastly, another important factor of these sales is that they have created a tradition.Women and their daughters take time off school and work to attend the first day of the sale. At the sale they go Christmas shopping, school shopping personal shopping. This is important for Nordstrom because their limited numbers of sales are not only seen as a time to get a good deal, but they have penetrated the enculturation and created more than just a sale. monetary value The last factor of the marketing mix is to coordinate the marketing activities for the retention of the target markets through price. Nordstrom strives to provide the most quality product for the cheapest price allowable.However, Nordstrom does cater to an upper and middle class target market which does raise their prices from other lower department stores. Each department within Nordstrom, as stated earlier, has a different target market which does vary the range pf prices immensely within one store. In the St. John department catered to upper class wealthy women, a consumer can buy a suit jacket for $2,000. In Point of View, targeted toward the more mid dle class women who want to look professional without spending as much, a suit jacket is available for seventy dollars.Through this, it can be seen that the department a consumer goes to will determine the price they will pay. Whatever the dollar price of the purchase, Nordstrom tries to justify that price through their personal selling efforts and their product guarantee. A sale is not just a sale, as proven earlier in the personal selling section. Consumers and salespersons are able to establish a relationship which enhances the consumers purchase experience. Because the consumer knows that no matter what they buy, whether it is a pair of socks, or a mink coat, the quality of that purchase is indefinitely guaranteed by Nordstrom.